Aosite, kusukela 1993
Ingabe ukhathele umsindo nokushaywa kwamadrowa ekhishini lakho noma ehhovisi? Uma kunjalo, ungaba nentshisekelo yokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze asebenza kanjani. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ubuchwepheshe obungemuva kwamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze nokuthi angaletha kanjani ukuthula nokuthula endaweni yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumnikazi wendlu ofuna ukuthuthukisa ikhabethe lakho noma uchwepheshe onentshisekelo kumakhenikha alawa maslayidi aqanjiwe, lesi sihloko sinokuthile kwawo wonke umuntu. Ngena emhlabeni wamaslayidi athambile ekhabetheni eliseduze futhi uthole ileveli entsha ephelele yokufaneleka nokusebenza kwamadrowa akho.
Amaslayidi ekhabethe ayingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiliphi ikhabethe noma ifenisha enamakhabethe. Bavumela ukuvulwa nokuvala okubushelelezi nokulula, okuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okulula nokulula. Amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile, ikakhulukazi, athole ukuduma eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuvimbela ukushaya kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvala okuthulile nokulawulwayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ukusebenza kwamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze, sihlole indlela yawo, izinzuzo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile aklanywe ngendlela eyenza ukubambezeleka kwesenzo sokuvala sekhabethe, alivimbele ukuthi lingavaleki. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokudambisa, ngokuvamile ngendlela yama-hydraulic noma ama-pneumatic pistons, alawula isivinini sokunyakaza kokuvala. Njengoba idrowa liphushwa livalekile, umshini wokuthambisa uyakhahlela, kancane kancane wehlise ukunyakaza kuze kube yilapho idrowa lifinyelela ekuvaleni okumnene nokuthule. Lesi sici asivimbi kuphela umsindo kanye nokulimala okungenzeka ekhabetheni nokuqukethwe kwalo kodwa futhi sithuthukisa ulwazi olunzulu ngomsebenzisi.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze ukuphepha okungeziwe akunikezayo. Isenzo sokuvala esilawulwayo sinciphisa ingcuphe yokuthi iminwe ivaleleke noma incinwe lapho kuvalwa idrowa, okuyenza ibe wusizo ikakhulukazi ezindlini ezinezingane. Ukwengeza, ukuvimbela i-slamming kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwe-drawer kanye nekhabhinethi, kunciphise ukuguga nokudabuka ezingxenyeni. Ukusebenza okuthulile nokushelelayo kwamaslayidi athambile ekhabetheni eliseduze futhi kwengeza ukuthinta kokunethezeka nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kunoma iyiphi ifenisha, kukhuphula izinga layo elibonakalayo.
Amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile angatholakala kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kusukela emakhabetheni asekhishini nasezintweni zangasese zangasese kuya kufenisha yasehhovisi kanye nemibukiso yokudayisa. Atholakala ngobude obuhlukahlukene, amandla okulayisha, nezitayela zokukhweza, okuwenza afaneleke osayizi abahlukene bamakhabethe nokucushwa. Njengomkhiqizi wamaslayidi ekhabetheni noma umphakeli, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kwamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende akho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinketho zezinto ezahlukahlukene, njengensimbi, i-aluminium, nepulasitiki, kanye nezinsizakalo zokwenza ngokwezifiso zezidingo ezithile zedizayini.
Lapho ukhetha amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile lephrojekthi, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. Umthamo wokulayisha wamaslayidi kufanele uhambisane nesisindo esilindelwe sekhabethe nokuqukethwe kwalo. Ubude bamaslayidi kufanele futhi buhambisane nokujula kwekhabethe, kuqinisekiswe ukunwetshwa okugcwele nokusebenza kahle. Ukwengeza, isitayela sokukhweza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-side-mount, undermount, noma i-center-mount, izoncika ekwakhiweni kwekhabhinethi kanye nobuhle obufunayo.
Sengiphetha, amaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze ayisithako esibalulekile kunoma yiliphi ikhabethe noma ucezu lwefenisha, anikeza umuzwa wokuvala othule futhi olawulwa kakhulu. Njengomkhiqizi wamaslayidi ekhabetheni noma umphakeli, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela, izinzuzo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaslayidi athambile ekhabetheni eliseduze ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende akho. Ngokuhlinzeka ngokukhethwa okuhlukahlukene kwamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile lekhwalithi ephezulu, ungathuthukisa ukusebenza nokukhanga kwemikhiqizo yefenisha oyinikezayo.
Amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile ajwayele ukuduma kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuvimbela ukushaya kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okushelelayo, nokuthule. Kodwa iyini ngempela indlela engemuva kwamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile? Ukuze sikuqonde lokhu, sidinga ukubhekisisa ukwakheka nokusebenza kwalawa maslayidi ekhabethe lesimanje.
Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze ngokuvamile akhiwa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: umshini wama-slide ngokwawo, i-hydraulic damper, kanye nesistimu yokuthwala ibhola. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zinikeze isenzo sokuvala esithambile esivimbela amadrowa ukuthi angavaleki.
Umshini wamaslayidi uyingxenye eyinhloko yamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze elithambile, futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqondisa ikhabethe ukuthi lingene liphinde liphume kukhabhinethi. Lo mshini ngokuvamile wenziwa ngensimbi noma i-aluminium yekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi yakhelwe ukunikeza ukunyakaza okubushelelezi nokulula. Ubunjiniyela obunembayo bomshini wamaslayidi buqinisekisa ukuthi idrowa lisebenza ngokushelela nangokuthula.
Ngokungeziwe kumshini wamaslayidi, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze aphinde abe ne-hydraulic damper. Le damper yakhelwe ukunciphisa ukuvala kwekhabethe, ivimbele ukuthi lingavaleki. I-damper ivamise ukugcwaliswa ngohlobo olukhethekile lwe-hydraulic fluid olunikeza ukumelana lapho idrowa liphushwa livalekile. Lokhu kumelana kunciphisa isenzo sokuvala, kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-drawer ivala ngobumnene nangokuthula.
Okokugcina, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile ahlanganisa nesistimu yokuthwala ibhola. Lolu hlelo lunesibopho sokusekela isisindo sekhabethe nokuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okushelelayo. Ama-ball bearings ngokuvamile enziwe ngensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu noma inayiloni, futhi aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokunyakaza okuphansi kokungqubuzana. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhabethe lisebenza ngokushelela nangokuthula, ngisho nalapho ligcwele ngokugcwele.
Lapho zonke lezi zingxenye zihlanganiswa, zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze isenzo sokuvala esithambile esenze lawa maslayidi ekhabethe adume kakhulu. Umshini wamaslayidi uhlinzeka ngokunyakaza okushelelayo nokulula, kuyilapho i-hydraulic damper ibambezela isenzo sokuvala ukuvimbela ukushaya. Isistimu yokuthwala ibhola isekela isisindo sekhabethe futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza ngokushelela nangokuthula.
Sengiphetha, indlela engemuva kwamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile iyinhlanganisela yobunjiniyela obunembayo nedizayini emisha. Ngokuhlanganisa indlela yamaslayidi, i-hydraulic damper, nesistimu yokuthwala ibhola, lawa maslayidi ekhabethe ayakwazi ukunikeza isenzo sokuvala esibushelelezi, esithule, nesimnene. Lokhu kubenza babe yisinqumo esihle kunoma ngubani ofuna ukuthuthukisa ikhishi labo noma amakhabethe okugeza. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufuna Umkhiqizi Ohloniphekile Wamaslayidi Ekhabethe noma Umhlinzeki Wamaslayidi Ekhabethe, kubalulekile ukucabangela ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze ukuze uthole ulwazi olungcono kakhulu.
Amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile asephenduke inketho edumile kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlala nezokuhweba ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo eziningi. Lezi zixazululo zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezintsha zinikeza indlela yokuvala eshelelayo nethule, kanye nokuphepha okukhulisiwe kanye nokuba lula. Njengomkhiqizi nomhlinzeki wamaslayidi ekhabethe elihamba phambili, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile ukuze usize kangcono amakhasimende akho futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zawo.
Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, inzuzo esobala kakhulu yokusebenzisa amaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze ukusebenza okushelelayo nokuthule abakunikezayo. Ngokungafani namaslayidi ekhabethe lendabuko angavaleka, abangele umsindo futhi alimaze okuqukethwe ngaphakathi, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze adonsa ngobumnene idrowa livaleke, avimbele noma yimuphi umthelela ongazelelwe. Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuhlala, lapho abanikazi bezindlu befuna indawo enokuthula nenokuthula. Ezilungiselelweni zezentengiso, kungase futhi kube nomthelela esimweni sobuchwepheshe nesiyinkimbinkimbi.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe akunikezayo. Amaslayidi endabuko angaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, njengoba ekwazi ukuncinza kalula iminwe nezandla lapho evala. Amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile asusa le ngozi ngokuvala kahle ikhabethe ngaphandle kokunyakaza okungazelelwe, anikeze abazali nabanakekeli ukuthula kwengqondo. Lesi sici sokuphepha singaphinda sibe indawo yokuthengisa kumakhasimende akho, ikakhulukazi emakethe okuhlala kuyo.
Ngokungeziwe ekunciphiseni ukuphepha nomsindo, amaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze anikeza ukunethezeka nokusebenziseka kalula. Indlela yokuvala eshelelayo iqinisekisa ukuthi amadrowa ahlala evalwe kahle, avimbele noma yimiphi imiphetho ephumele ngaphandle noma ukungahambi kahle. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezilungiselelweni zezentengiselwano lapho ukusebenza kahle nokuhleleka kubalulekile. Amakhasimende azokwazisa ukusetshenziswa kalula nokuqina kwamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Ngokombono wokukhiqiza nowokuphakela, ukunikeza amaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze kungenza ibhizinisi lakho lihluke kwabaqhudelana naye futhi kuhehe isisekelo samakhasimende esibanzi. Ngokukhula kwesidingo salezi zixazululo zehadiwe, kubalulekile ukuhlala uphambi kwejika futhi unikeze amakhasimende intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bamaslayidi ekhabetheni. Ngokubambisana nomkhiqizi nomhlinzeki wamaslayidi ekhabetheni onokwethenjelwa, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu futhi idlule okulindelwe amakhasimende.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze kuvumela inhlobonhlobo yamathuba omklamo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okwamakhabethe asekhishini, izinto eziyize zasendlini yangasese, ifenisha yasehhovisi, noma izibonisi zezitolo, amaslayidi athambile ekhabetheni eliseduze angenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza nokucushwa okuhlukahlukene. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kunikeza amabhizinisi amathuba okunikeza izixazululo ezihambisanayo kumakhasimende awo, okwandisa ukuncintisana kwawo emakethe.
Sengiphetha, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile azinakuphikwa. Kusukela ekusebenzeni kwazo okubushelelezi nokuthule kuya ezicini zazo zokuphepha nokunethezeka, lezi zixazululo ze-hardware ezintsha zinikeza indlela yokuvala ephakeme kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Njengomkhiqizi nomhlinzeki wamaslayidi ekhabethe eliholayo, kubalulekile ukubona inani lamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile elithambile futhi uwahlanganise ekunikeni komkhiqizo wakho. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe ethuthukayo futhi unikeze amakhasimende izinga eliphezulu, izixazululo ezintsha zezidingo zawo zamaslayidi ekhabetheni.
Amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile asephenduke isici esidumile emakhabetheni nakumadrowa esimanje, njengoba enikeza isenzo sokuvala esibushelelezi nesithule, kuyilapho futhi evimbela ukushaya kanye nokulimala okungenzeka kwefenisha. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokufakwa nokugcinwa kwamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze, sigxile ezinyathelweni ezibalulekile nokucatshangelwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle.
Ukuze uqale, kubalulekile ukukhetha amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile elithambile lekhwalithi ephezulu kumkhiqizi wamaslayidi ekhabethe elihloniphekile noma umnikezeli. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaslayidi aqinile, anokwethenjelwa, futhi aklanyelwe ukunikeza ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngohlu olubanzi lwezinketho ezitholakalayo emakethe, kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile nosayizi wamaslayidi ekhabetheni ahambisana nekhabhinethi ethile noma ifenisha ethile.
Inqubo yokufakwa kwamaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze iqala ngokukhipha amaslayidi akhona, uma kusebenza, nokulungiselela idrowa nekhabethe ukuze kufakwe okusha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlanza nokusandeni indawo engaphezulu, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu nokuqondanisa kuyawafanela amaslayidi amasha. Ngemva kwalokhu, amaslayidi ekhabetheni angaxhunywa ekhabetheni nasekhabetheni, kusetshenziswa izikulufo ezifanele kanye ne-hardware yokukhweza. Kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amaslayidi asezingeni, aqondile, futhi aboshelwe ngokuvikelekile.
Uma amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eselifakiwe, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwawo futhi wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukuhlola ukushelela kwesenzo sokuvula nokuvala, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokuvala ethambile isebenza ngempumelelo. Uma kukhonjwa noma yiziphi izinkinga noma ukungqubuzana, ukulungiswa kungenziwa ekumisweni noma ekucindezelekeni kwamaslayidi ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Mayelana nokunakekelwa, amaslayidi athambile ekhabetheni eliseduze adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane ukuze alondoloze ukusebenza kwawo futhi andise isikhathi sawo sokuphila. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamaslayidi, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezihambayo nezindlela, kunconywa ukuhlonza noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga noma zokulimala. Noma yikuphi ukunqwabelana kokungcola, uthuli, noma imfucumfucu kufanele kususwe ngokushesha, futhi amaslayidi angagcotshwa ngesithambisi esifanelekayo esisekelwe ku-silicone ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.
Sengiphetha, ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwamaslayidi athambile ekhabetheni eliseduze kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okufiselekayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwalezi zinsiza zesimanje zekhabhinethi. Ngokukhetha amaslayidi ekhwalithi ephezulu kumkhiqizi othembekile wamaslayidi ekhabetheni noma umhlinzeki, ngokulandela izinyathelo ezifanele zokufaka, kanye nokunakekela okuvamile, abasebenzisi bangajabulela izinzuzo zezenzo zokuvala ezibushelelezi, ezithule, nezingena-slam emakhabetheni abo nakumadrowa abo.
Amaslayidi ekhabethe ayingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi isistimu yekhabhinethi noma yedrowa, njengoba evumela ukuvuleka nokuvala okushelelayo kwamadrowa. Ngokwesiko, amadrowa afakwe amaslayidi ajwayelekile, angathambile. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile athole ukuduma ngenxa yekhono lawo lokunikeza ukunyakaza okuvala okuthulile nokumnene. Kulesi sihloko, sizoqhathanisa amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile namaslayidi ekhabethe lendabuko, sihlola umehluko nezinzuzo zawo.
Okokuqala nokubalulekile, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwazo zombili izinhlobo zamaslayidi ekhabethe. Amaslayidi ekhabethe lendabuko ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi noma ngepulasitiki futhi asebenzisa indlela elula ephethe ibhola ukuze avumele umnyakazo wokuslayida wekhabethe. Lawa maslayidi avame ukufakwa ngokumelana kancane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi idrowa alivaleki lapho liphushwa, kodwa alinikezi izinga elifanayo lokuvala okulawulwayo njengamaslayidi athambile avalayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaslayidi athambile ekhabetheni eliseduze aklanywe nge-hydraulic damping system ebambezela isivinini sokuvala sekhabethe njengoba isondela endaweni evalwe ngokugcwele. Lo mshini udala ukunyakaza okuvala okuthulile nokumnene, okuvimba idrowa ukuthi lingavaleki futhi linciphise ukuguga kwekhabethe kanye nokuphakathi kwalo.
Omunye umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwamaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze nendabuko izinga lomsindo elikhiqizwayo. Amaslayidi ekhabethe lendabuko ngokuvamile angadala umsindo omkhulu wokubhaklama lapho idrowa livalwa ngamandla, okungaphazamisa futhi kukhathaze endaweni ethule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile eliseduze, ahlinzeka ngomuzwa ocishe uthule, uwenze afaneleke kuzilungiselelo zokuhlala nezohwebo lapho ukuncishiswa komsindo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokungeziwe ekunciphiseni umsindo, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile anikeza ukuphepha nokunethezeka okuthuthukisiwe. Ukunyakaza okuvalayo okulawulwayo kwamaslayidi aseduze athambile kuvimbela iminwe ukuthi ingabanjwa noma incinwe lapho uvala idrowa, okuwenza abe inketho ephephile kumakhaya anezingane ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isenzo sokuvala esibushelelezi nesimnene samaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze singasiza ekweluleni ubude besikhathi sekhabethe nokuqukethwe kwalo ngokunciphisa umthelela kanye nengcindezi ebekwe ezintweni zokusebenza.
Ngokombono womkhiqizi nomhlinzeki, isidingo samaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile besilokhu sikhula kancane kancane. Njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe obuseduze, baya ngokuya befuna imikhiqizo ehlanganisa lesi sici. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi abaningi bama-slides ekhabetheni nabahlinzeki manje sebehlinzeka ngezinketho eziningi ezithambile zokuvala ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo emakethe.
Sengiphetha, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile anikeza inani lezinzuzo ngaphezu kwamaslayidi ekhabethe elivamile, okuhlanganisa umsindo oncishisiwe, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, nokufaneleka okuthuthukisiwe. Njengoba isidingo sobuchwepheshe obuseduze obuthambile siqhubeka sikhula, abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki basabela ngokwandisa ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo yabo ukuze kufake phakathi izinketho ezihlukahlukene ezithambile eziseduze. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulungisa ikhishi lakho, uthuthukisa ifenisha yehhovisi lakho, noma wakha ikhabethe langokwezifiso, ukutshala imali kumaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile kungakunikeza izinzuzo zesikhathi eside futhi kuthuthukise ulwazi olunzulu ngomsebenzisi.
Sengiphetha, amaslayidi ekhabethe elithambile ayisixazululo esisha nesisebenzayo sokuqinisekisa ukuvala okushelelayo nokuthule kwamadrowa. Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-30 embonini, inkampani yethu ithuthukise ukwakheka nokusebenza kwalawa maslayidi ukuze inikeze amakhasimende umuzwa ongcono kakhulu ongakhona. Ngokuqonda ukuthi amaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze asebenza kanjani, ungenza isinqumo unolwazi lapho ukhetha amaslayidi alungile amadrowa akho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokusetshenziswa ekhaya noma ehhovisi, lawa maslayidi anikeza ukunethezeka, ukuphepha, nokuqina. Kuyacaca ukuthi amaslayidi ekhabethe eliseduze ashintsha umdlalo emhlabeni wekhabethe nefenisha, futhi siyaziqhenya ngokuba phambili kule ntuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.