Nansi inguqulo ebhalwe kabusha ye-athikili:


Uma kukhulunywa ngemikhiqizo yamazwe omhlaba yezesekeli ze-hardware yeminyango nefasitela, kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezaziwayo ezigqamayo. Ake sibhekisise eminye yale mikhiqizo:


1. I-Hettich, eyasungulwa eJalimane ngo-1888, ingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu behadiwe befenisha emhlabeni. Bakhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zehardware yezimboni nezasendlini, okuhlanganisa amahinge namadrowa. Ngo-2016, u-Hettich waba phezulu ohlwini lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-China Industrial Brand Index.


2. I-ARCHIE Hardware, eyasungulwa ngo-1990, inguphawu lokuthengisa olwaziwayo eSifundazweni saseGuangdong, eChina. Basebenza ngokukhethekile ocwaningweni, ekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizweni nasekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yehardware yomhlobiso wezakhiwo.


3. I-HAFELE, edabuka eJalimane, ingumkhiqizo womhlaba wonke futhi ingomunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu befenisha nehardware yezakhiwo emhlabeni jikelele. Yaqalwa njenge-franchise yendawo yehadiwe, manje isiyibhizinisi elidumile lamazwe ngamazwe.


4. I-Topstrong ingumkhiqizo ohamba phambili embonini yehardware yefenisha yendlu yonke.


5. I-Kinlong, uphawu lokuhweba olwaziwayo esiFundazweni sase-Guangdong, lunikezelwe ocwaningweni, ekudizayineni, ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha.


6. I-GMT, ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kuka-Stanley Black & Decker kanye ne-GMT e-Shanghai, ingumkhiqizi ovelele weziphethu zaphansi.


7. I-Dongtai DTC, uphawu lokuhweba oludumile eSifundazweni sase-Guangdong, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsiza zehardware zasekhaya ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Banikeza amahinge, ojantshi bamaslayidi, amasistimu amakhabethe kanokusho, nehardware yokuhlanganisa, okubenza babe ngabakhi abakhulu behadiwe befenisha e-Asia.


8. I-Hutlon, uphawu lokuhweba olunegama elihle eSifundazweni sase-Guangdong nase-Guangzhou, uphuma phambili embonini yezinto zokwakha zokuhlobisa futhi unomthelela omkhulu emakethe.


9. I-Roto Noto, eyasungulwa eJalimane ngo-1935, ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wamasistimu we-hardware yeminyango namafasitela, eyaziwa ngokusungula isethi yokuqala yomhlaba yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezivula isicaba nezilenga phezulu.


10. I-EKF, eyasungulwa eJalimane ngo-1980, iwuphawu lwamazwe ngamazwe oluphezulu lwe-Hardware sanitary ware kanye nebhizinisi eliphelele lokuhlanganiswa komkhiqizo wehadiwe, elihlinzeka ngokulawula iminyango ehlakaniphile, ukuvimbela umlilo, kanye nempahla yangasese.


Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezisunguliwe, i-FGV, i-brand eyaziwa kakhulu ye-hardware yefenisha yase-Italy neyaseYurophu, yenze uphawu. Yasungulwa ngo-1947, i-FGV Group ingumphakeli ohamba phambili wezinsimbi zehadiwe zefenisha nezisombululo. Njengoba indlunkulu iseMilan, e-Italy, i-FGV iye yanda emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa namahhovisi aseSlovakia, eBrazil naseChina. Banefekthri ephethwe ngokuphelele e-Dongguan, e-Guangdong, futhi imikhiqizo yabo imakethwa e-China nge-Feizhiwei (Guangzhou) Trading Co., Ltd. Uhlu olukhulu lwemikhiqizo ye-FGV luhlanganisa amahinge, ama-slide rails, amakhabethe ekhabethe, obhasikidi bokudonsa, i-hardware yokuvula izicabha, izisekelo, nezinto zokuhlobisa njengezibambo zedrowa, izinyawo zefenisha, nama-pulleys. Imiklamo yabo yakudala kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukukhanga okuphelele kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yefenisha.


I-AOSITE Hardware, egxile ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, yenza ucwaningo olubanzi nentuthuko ngaphambi kokukhiqiza. Banikela kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwaminyaka yonke ngenkonzo yabo yamakhasimende ecabangelayo kanye nezinsiza zehadiwe ezintekenteke. I-Metal Drawer System yabo, eklanywe futhi yathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa amakhono aholayo we-R&D, ihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zabasebenzisi, ihlinzeka kokubili isitayela nokusebenza.


Kusukela yasungulwa, i-AOSITE Hardware izakhele igama eliqinile embonini yezemithi ngemikhiqizo yayo ephephile nethembekile. Ukuzibophezela kwabo ekusebenzeni kahle nasezinkonzweni zobungcweti kubenzele isithombe esiqinile nesiqondile kulo mkhakha.


Uma udinga noma yiluphi usizo ngembuyiselo noma unemibuzo, sicela ungangabazi ukuxhumana nethimba lethu lesevisi yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa elinesipiliyoni.



Siyakwamukela kokuthunyelwe kwethu kwebhulogi kwakamuva, lapho singena khona emhlabeni othokozisayo we-{blog_title}. Lungela ukukhangwa imininingwane ethokozisayo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo, namathiphu awusizo azokushiya ufuna okwengeziwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uchwepheshe ongumakadebona noma usanda kufika, ngokuqinisekile le bhulogi izojabulisa futhi yazise. Ngakho-ke hlala uphumule, khululeka, futhi masihlole ndawonye!

Izibambo zeminyango

izinto zasendlini esivame ukuzisebenzisa ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo, ezinye izinkinga zizovela ngokwemvelo. Nazi izinkinga ezi-5 ezivamile ngezibambo zeminyango nezixazululo zazo.



1. Isibambo somnyango sigqwalile

Izibambo zeminyango zenziwe ngezinto ezihlukene futhi zinezimpilo ezihlukene zesevisi. Ezinye izibambo zeminyango zivame ukugqwala. Uma isibambo somnyango sigqwalile, ngeke sithinte ukubonakala kuphela, kodwa futhi sithinte impilo yenkonzo. Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yezibambo zeminyango egqwalile?


Okokuqala, singasebenzisa iphepha lamafutha ukuze sisule isibambo somnyango futhi somise amanzi noma umswakama esibanjeni somnyango ukuze sigweme ukugqwala okwandayo. Okwesibili, ungasebenzisa uviniga noma iwayini elimhlophe ukuhlanza isibambo somnyango. Fafaza uviniga noma iwayini elimhlophe ngokulinganayo phezu kwesibambo somnyango, bese usula isibambo somnyango ngendwangu ethambile ecwiliswe emanzini. Qaphela ukuthi ungavumeli amanzi angene esibambo somnyango.


Uma isibambo somnyango sigqwalile kakhulu, ungasebenzisa ama-abrasives amahle njengamabhola ensimbi ukuze usule isibambo somnyango, bese usula isibambo somnyango ngephepha lamafutha, bese usebenzisa inani elincane lamafutha omshini ebusweni besibambo somnyango, okuyinto inganweba impilo yesevisi yesibambo somnyango.


2. Isibambo somnyango sikhululekile

Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, isibambo somnyango sizokhululeka. Uma kungenziwanga ngesikhathi, umphumela wokusetshenziswa wesibambo somnyango uzothinteka. Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yezibambo zeminyango evulekile?


Okokuqala, singasebenzisa i-screwdriver ukuze siqinise isikulufu eduze kwesibambo somnyango. Uma izikulufu zesibambo somnyango zixega, singasebenzisa i-cutter noma i-screw cutter ukuze sizisuse, bese siqinisa isibambo somnyango ngezikulufo ezintsha.


Uma isibambo somnyango sikhululekile kakhulu, ungasebenzisa iglue ukuze ulungise ukuhlangana phakathi kwesibambo somnyango kanye nephaneli yomnyango ukuze uthuthukise amandla okulungisa isibambo somnyango.


3. Isibambo somnyango sibhajwe

Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi esithile, ezinye izibambo zeminyango zingase zibambeke. Lesi simo sizokwenza isibambo somnyango singasebenziseki futhi sithinte impilo yansuku zonke. Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yesibambo somnyango obambekile?


Okokuqala, singahlola ukuthi izikulufi eziseduze nesibambo somnyango ziqinisiwe yini nokuthi zikhona yini izinto zangaphandle ezibhajwe. Uma ungenazo lezi zinkinga, ungasebenzisa amafutha okugcoba noma amafutha ukuze ugcobe isibambo somnyango, bese uvule futhi uvale isibambo somnyango ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze kube yilapho isibambo somnyango sikwazi ukuvuleka nokuvala ngokukhululeka.


Uma isibambo somnyango sisabambekile, ungakwazi ukukhipha isibambo somnyango bese usihlola ukuze ubone ukuthi azikho yini izingxenye ezilimele noma ezinothuli ngaphakathi kwesibambo somnyango. Uma kunesidingo, shintsha izingxenye ngaphakathi kwesibambo somnyango.


4. Impahla yesibambo somnyango ilula kakhulu

Lapho sithenga izibambo zeminyango, kufanele sikhethe izibambo zeminyango ezinempahla eqinile nempilo ende yesevisi. Ezinye izibambo zeminyango zilula kakhulu futhi zivame ukuba nezinkinga ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga?


Okokuqala, singenza ukwelashwa okuthile ebusweni besibambo somnyango, njengokusebenzisa iphepha lephedi noma amabhulokhi wegwebu ukuhlukanisa isibambo somnyango kanye nephaneli yomnyango. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukushayisana phakathi kwesibambo somnyango kanye nephaneli yomnyango futhi kunciphise ithuba lokulimala kwesibambo somnyango.


Okwesibili, singakhetha izibambo zeminyango ezinekhwalithi engcono yezinto ezibonakalayo, njengezibambo zeminyango yensimbi engenasici. Lolu hlobo lwezibambo zeminyango luqinile, lunesevisi ende, akulula ukuthi lonakale, futhi alunayo inkinga yokukhanya kakhulu.


5. Isibambo somnyango sonakaliswe lapho kuqiniswa izikulufu.

Uma ufaka izibambo zeminyango, abanye abantu basebenzisa amandla amaningi uma beqinisa izikulufu, okubangela ukulimala kwezibambo zomnyango, okungase kube yinkinga. indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga?


Okokuqala, kufanele sinake amandla lapho sifaka isibambo somnyango, hhayi kakhulu, futhi sinakekele isibambo somnyango ngokucophelela. Okwesibili, naka i-engeli lapho uqinisa izikulufi futhi ungazikulufi esimweni sokuthambekela, ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzothinta impilo yesevisi yesibambo somnyango.


Ukugcina Izibambo Zeminyango: Umhlahlandlela Wokunakekelwa Kwansuku Zonke Nobuhle

Kafushane,

izibambo zeminyango

izinto zasendlini esivame ukuzisebenzisa ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, futhi kuvamile ukuba kuphakame izinkinga. Inqobo nje uma sinezindlela ezifanele zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga, singanweba impilo yesevisi yezibambo zeminyango ngokusemandleni futhi silethe ukuphila kwethu kube lula.


Njengento esetshenziswa njalo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, izibambo zeminyango zithwala umsebenzi obalulekile wokuvula nokuvala iminyango, okungagcini nje ngokusisiza, kodwa futhi kuhlobise indawo esihlala kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina izibambo zeminyango kubaluleke kakhulu. Okulandelayo, vumela’s funda mayelana nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke kwezibambo zeminyango.


1. Hlanza izibambo zeminyango

Izibambo zeminyango zingcoliswa kalula ukungcola nothuli ngenxa yokusebenzisa njalo. Uma zingahlanzwa isikhathi eside, zingazala kalula amabhaktheriya futhi zikhiphe nephunga. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanza izibambo zeminyango njalo. Singasula ngobumnene ingaphezulu lesibambo somnyango ngendwangu ethambile namanzi afudumele, noma sisebenzise isicoci esikhethekile sesibambo somnyango. Uma kunamafutha ebusweni besibambo somnyango, ungasebenzisa okokuhlanza okungathathi hlangothi ukuze uyihlanze.


2. Vimbela izibambo zeminyango ukuthi zingagqwali

Izibambo zomnyango ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi, ejwayele ukugqwala ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ngakho-ke, ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kufanele sinake ukuvimbela izibambo zeminyango ukuthi zingagqwali. Ungasebenzisa ungqimba lwamafutha e-anti-rust ebusweni besibambo somnyango, noma usule isibambo somnyango njalo endaweni enomswakama ukuze ugcine isibambo somnyango somile.


3. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile

Izibambo zezicabha zilula ukuzixegisa futhi zingaxega ngemva kwesikhathi eside zisetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, hlola njalo ukuthi izibambo zomnyango zikhululekile yini. Uma zixega, zidinga ukuqiniswa ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele futhi uhlole ukuthi indawo yesibambo somnyango iklwetshiwe noma yonakele, futhi uyishintshe ngesikhathi uma kunesidingo.


4. Gcina izibambo zeminyango zizinhle

Izibambo zeminyango ziyingxenye yekhaya, futhi ubuhle bazo nabo bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho sigcina isibambo somnyango, kumelwe futhi sinake ukusigcina sisihle. Ungasebenzisa i-ejenti yokulungisa isibambo somnyango okhethekile futhi usebenzise amafutha okugcina isibambo somnyango njalo ukuze ugcine ubuso besibambo somnyango bukhanya futhi bumelana nokugqwala nokuguga.



Isifinyezo:

Izibambo zeminyango, njengengxenye ebalulekile yehadiwe yomnyango, hhayi kuphela izibambo zeminyango, njengengxenye ebalulekile yehadiwe yomnyango, azifezi nje kuphela imisebenzi engokoqobo kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekukhangekeni kobuhle bekhaya. Ekusetshenzisweni nasekulungisweni kwansuku zonke, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukuhlanza, ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukuhlolwa, nokugcinwa kobuhle bezibambo zeminyango. Ngokwenza kanjalo, singaqinisekisa ukuphila kwabo isikhathi eside futhi sithuthukise ukunethezeka nokujabulela impilo yethu yasekhaya. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kuyatuseka ukufuna isiqondiso kwabahlonishwayo

Abakhiqizi be-door hinge

abangochwepheshe bekhwalithi ephezulu yezixazululo zehardware yeminyango.

Donsa izibambo

nezibambo ziyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu kufenisha, iminyango, amafasitela, amakhishi nezindlu zokugezela, njll. Nakuba zonke zingamathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukubamba noma ukusunduza nokudonsa izinto, zinezici ezihlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo. Vule’s hlola umehluko phakathi kokudonsa nezibambo.



Okokuqala, ukudonsa nezibambo ziyehluka ngokuma. Isibambo ngokuvamile siwumugqa oqondile, oneziphetho zombili ezixhunywe emnyango nasefasiteleni ngamabholithi angaguquki. Ingase futhi ilungiswe ngokuqondile ebusweni bento ngeglue yokukhangisa. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukubamba nokudonsa umnyango, iwindi noma idrowa nezinye izinto ngesandla. Isibambo ngokuyinhloko siyithuluzi lokukhohlisa into ejikelezayo. Ngokuvamile zinesimo sesibambo esiyindilinga noma ukubamba. Uma isetshenziswa, umzimba wesibambo ungashintshwa ukuze ulawule isimo sokuvula nokuvala sento, njengezibambo zokulawula zamafriji, ama-vacuum cleaners, imishini yemishini, njll.


Okwesibili, izibambo nezibambo nazo zihlukile endleleni ezisetshenziswa ngayo. Isibambo silula ukusisebenzisa. Udinga kuphela ukubamba isibambo ngesandla sakho futhi usidonsele phezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ukuze uqedele umsebenzi. Isibambo sidinga ukusonta umzimba wesibambo. Lapho isibambo siphendukela esimweni sokuvula nokuvala, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amandla nokuqondisa ukuze ulawule umzimba wesibambo ukuze umsebenzi uqedwe.


Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukudonsa nezibambo kufeza izinhloso ezahlukene. Izibambo zivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni ezifana nefenisha enkulu, iminyango namafasitela, kuyilapho izibambo zisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza yezimboni njengemishini nemishini, nasezindaweni zasekhaya ezifana namakhishi, izindlu zangasese, izindlu zokuwasha, namathoyizi ezingane. Izinhlobo nezinto zokubamba nazo ziningi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi insimbi, ipulasitiki, izinkuni, njll. Izinto ezihlukene kanye nokuma kungasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.


Ukufingqa, nakuba izibambo nezibambo zingamathuluzi okusebenza avamile, zinezindlela ezihlukene zokusebenzisa, izimo kanye nokusetshenziswa ezicini eziningi. Empilweni yethu nasemsebenzini, kufanele sikhethe futhi sisebenzise amathuluzi afanelekile ngokunengqondo, ukuze sikwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi futhi siqinisekise ukuphepha kwethu emsebenzini.


Njengengxenye ebalulekile yefenisha, umsebenzi wezibambo ukusiza abantu bavule iminyango yekhabhinethi yefenisha kanye namadrowa. Ngokushintsha kwezikhathi kanye nezinguquko emibonweni yabantu yokusetshenziswa, ukwakheka nezinto zokubamba nakho kuyashintsha njalo. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba yini ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa kwezibambo zefenisha esikhathini esizayo?


1. Izitayela zemiklamo ehlukahlukene


Ngokuzayo, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibambo zefenisha zizothuthukisa imiklamo yesitayela ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa okudumile, okulula, okuphakathi, kwe-retro nezinye izici ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabantu bobudala obuhlukene, ubulili nochwepheshe. Isibonelo, abathengi abasebasha bakhetha imibala ethokozisayo nobujamo bejometri, kanye nemiklamo yesibambo edlalwayo neyenzelwe umuntu uqobo, kuyilapho abathengi abadala benaka kakhulu ukusebenza, ukunethezeka nesitayela esinempilo, kanye nokuthungwa nokusebenziseka kalula kwezibambo. .


2. I-Vector design


Umklamo wesikhathi esizayo wezibambo zefenisha uzogxila ezindleleni ze-vectorized design. Ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe, izibambo zezibambo zefenisha zizoboliswa zibe izingxenye ezincane ze-vector, okwenza izibambo zefenisha zibe ne-ergonomic futhi zibukeke kakhudlwana, futhi zivumelane kangcono nezitayela ezahlukene. Ifomu lefenisha lithuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nobuhle.


3. Izinto ezihambisana nemvelo


Ngokukhula kokuqwashisa ngemvelo emhlabeni wonke kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, izibambo zefenisha zesikhathi esizayo zizosebenzisa izinto ezivumelana nemvelo nezisimeme, njenge-biodegradable resin, bamboo, ceramics, njll. Le nto inezici zokulwa ne-oxidation, i-anti-corrosion, isisindo esincane, njll., futhi ingaxhumanisa nemigomo yokuvikelwa kwemvelo nemfashini, futhi ithandwa ngabathengi.


4. Ikhaya elihlakaniphile


Ngokuzayo, izinto zikagesi zasendlini kanye nefenisha zizokwakha isethi ephelele, futhi izibambo zefenisha azifani. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemakethe yasekhaya ehlakaniphile kuzoletha emisha kuzibambo zefenisha. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izwi obuhlakaniphile bungeniswa kuzibambo ukuze kulawulwe ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwefenisha ngemiyalo yezwi nokuthinta, okudala indlela yokuphila elula nenethezekile yabasebenzisi.


5. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bento engekho ngokoqobo ukuze uthuthukise izibambo ezintsha


Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezingokoqobo buyathuthuka ngokushesha. Ngokuzayo, ukuklanywa kwezibambo zefenisha kuzophinde kusebenzise lobu buchwepheshe ukulingisa izitayela, osayizi nezinto zokwakha zezibambo ezihlukahlukene, ukuxhumana nabathengi, futhi bakwazi ukulungisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukwakheka kwezibambo nokuzihlanganisa. ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo emisha.


Okuhlangenwe nakho kwekhaya okuyingqayizivele okudalelwe amakhasimende kuyisihloko esibalulekile embonini yasekhaya yesikhathi esizayo. Ngokombono wemboni yezibambo zefenisha, ukuthuthukiswa kwezibambo zefenisha kudinga ukuhlanganisa isidingo semakethe, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nesithunzi somkhiqizo, nokudala imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu enokuncintisana okuvelele ezimakethe, ngenjongo yokuvumela abathengi. ukuzuza empilweni yasekhaya.



Njenga

phatha umphakeli

, sihlose ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngemikhiqizo ehlukile ebonisa ukuzibophezela kwethu ekwenzeni okuhle nokunaka imininingwane. Ngokuqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo zemakethe futhi sihlanganise namasu okukhiqiza athuthukile, silwela ukuletha imikhiqizo engagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana kodwa edlula lokho okulindelwe ngamakhasimende. Ukugxila kwethu kwikhwalithi nokusungula izinto kusivumela ukuthi sizakhele igama eliqinile embonini yefenisha yasekhaya. Ngokuzinikezela kwethu ekunikezeni ulwazi lokuthenga olungenazihibe futhi olujabulisayo, sihlose ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano besikhathi eside namakhasimende ethu. Izwa ukunakekelwa nokukhathazeka ngayo yonke imininingwane lapho sikhetha izibambo zethu, njengoba sizinikele ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yesikhathi eside yomkhakha wefenisha yasekhaya.