Aosite, kusukela 1993
Ingabe usemakethe yeziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza? Ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi ezifanele kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise impilo ende nokusebenza kwamakhabethe akho ezindaweni ezidlidliza kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, okukusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esinolwazi ngezidingo zakho ezithile. Noma ngabe ufaka amakhabethe emotweni yezokuthutha noma endaweni yokukhiqiza, lo mhlahlandlela uzohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ezokusiza ekuthatheni izinqumo.
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni iziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle izidingo zokudlidliza zekhabhinethi. Imithombo yegesi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni okubushelelezi nokulawulwayo kwamakhabethe, kodwa lapho amakhabethe evevezela, ukukhethwa kwemithombo yegesi kuba bucayi nakakhulu.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lokudlidliza ikhabhinethi ezovezwa kukho. Ukudlidliza kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezokuthutha, ukusebenza kwemishini, noma izimo zemvelo. Ngayinye yalezi zici ingaveza amaza ahlukene kanye nama-amplitudes okudlidliza, futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela lezi zici lapho ukhetha imithombo yegesi yekhabhinethi.
Ukucatshangelwa okulandelayo yisisindo nobukhulu bekhabhinethi. Iziphethu zegesi ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye namandla okuphoqa, futhi kubalulekile ukukhetha okulungile ongakwazi ukusekela isisindo sekhabhinethi futhi unikeze amandla adingekayo ukuze usebenze kahle ngisho nangaphansi kokudlidliza. Amandla asetshenziswa isiphethu segesi kufanele afaniswe ngokucophelela nesisindo sekhabhinethi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingakwazi ukumelana nokundindizela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukukhuphuka kwe-orientation yesiphethu segesi. Ngokuya ngomklamo nokwakhiwa kwekhabhinethi, isiphethu segesi singase sidinge ukufakwa endaweni ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kokudlidliza. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela izinketho zokukhweza bese ukhetha isiphethu segesi esifanele esingafakwa ku-orientation edingekayo ukuze umelane ngokuphumelelayo nokudlidliza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiphethu segesi nakho kunendima ebalulekile ekhonweni layo lokumelana nokudlidliza. Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokwakhiwa okuqinile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isiphethu segesi singakwazi ukumelana nobunzima bokudlidliza ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Kubalulekile ukukhetha imithombo yegesi kubakhiqizi abahlonishwayo abanamathela kumazinga aqinile ekhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuqina ngaphansi kokudlidliza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lendawo lapho ikhabhinethi izobekwa khona. Iziphethu zegesi zingaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene, futhi kubalulekile ukukhetha imithombo yegesi engasebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elishiwo, ikakhulukazi lapho ikhabhinethi ibhekene nokudlidliza. Ukwehluleka ukucabangela ububanzi bezinga lokushisa kungaholela ezinkingeni zokusebenza kanye nokwehluleka okungenzeka kwesiphethu segesi ngaphansi kokudlidliza.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo zokugcinwa nokuseviswa kwesiphethu segesi. Ukugcinwa njalo kanye nokusevisa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isiphethu segesi siyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphansi kokudlidliza. Kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi zokugcinwa nokusevisa ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesiphethu segesi nokunciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka ngaphansi kokudlidliza.
Sengiphetha, ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezidingo zokudlidliza zekhabhinethi. Ngokucubungula ngokucophelela uhlobo lokudlidliza, isisindo nosayizi wekhabhinethi, ukuma okukhuphukayo, izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa, ububanzi bokushisa okusebenzayo, kanye nezidingo zokulondolozwa, kungenzeka ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi ezingamelana ngokuphumelelayo nokudlidliza futhi ziqinisekise ukusebenza okushelelayo nokuthembekile. wekhabhinethi.
Iziphethu zegesi ziyingxenye ebalulekile emakhabetheni adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza. Lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule. Kusukela ekwakhiweni kwekhabhinethi kuya ohlotsheni lwesiphethu segesi kanye nendawo ekhuphukayo, isici ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza nokuqina kwesiphethu segesi.
Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuklama kwekhabhinethi ngokwayo kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhethweni kwemithombo yegesi. Amakhabhinethi angaphansi kokudlidliza adinga iziphethu zegesi ezikwazi ukumelana nokunyakaza njalo futhi zinikeze ukwesekwa okuthembekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithombo yegesi idinga ukukwazi ukumunca futhi kudambise ukudlidliza, ukuvimbela noma yimuphi umonakalo kukhabhinethi nokuqukethwe kwayo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ubukhulu nesisindo sekhabhinethi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe, lapho ukhetha isiphethu segesi esifanele.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile ekukhethweni kwe-gas spring uhlobo lwe-gas spring okufanele lusetshenziswe. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithombo yegesi etholakalayo, ngayinye enezici zayo ezihlukile namandla okusebenza. Kumakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, kunconywa ukusebenzisa iziphethu zegesi ezinamandla amakhulu okudambisa. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi isiphethu segesi singakwazi ukumunca ngokuphumelelayo ukudlidliza futhi sinikeze ukusekelwa okuzinzile kukhabhinethi.
Ukwengeza, isikhundla sokukhuphuka kwe-gas spring yisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe. Isikhundla se-gas spring singathinta ikhono layo lokumelana nokudlidliza futhi sinikeze ukusekelwa okudingekayo kukhabhinethi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela indawo yokukhweza kanye nokuma kwesiphethu segesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Uma kuziwa emithonjeni yegesi yekhabhinethi, kubalulekile ukucabangela impahla kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiphethu segesi. Iziphethu zegesi ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu njengensimbi engagqwali noma i-aluminium, enikeza amandla nokuqina. Kubalulekile ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi eziklanyelwe ukumelana nobunzima bokudlidliza njalo futhi zinikeze ukusekelwa okuthembekile kwikhabhinethi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo zemvelo lapho ikhabhinethi izosetshenziswa khona. Amakhabhinethi angaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphakeme noma izindawo ezinokhahlo adinga iziphethu zegesi eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nalezi zimo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi ezihloliwe futhi zaqinisekiswa ukuthi zisetshenziswe endaweni ehlosiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo ende nokusebenza kwazo.
Ekuphetheni, ukukhethwa kwemithombo yegesi yamakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici eziningana. Kusukela ekwakhiweni kwekhabhinethi kuya ohlotsheni lwesiphethu segesi kanye nendawo yaso ekhuphukayo, isici ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesiphethu segesi. Ngokucabangela ngokucophelela lezi zici nokukhetha imithombo yegesi efanele, amakhabhinethi angahlonyiswa ngokusekelwa okuthembekile ukuze amelane nokudlidliza nokugcina ukusebenza kwawo.
Iziphethu zegesi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yamakhabethe adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusemotweni, impahla yezimboni, noma ifenisha yasekhaya, ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi ezifanele kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwakho konke nokuphila isikhathi eside kwekhabhinethi. Lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabhinethi, ngokugxila emandleni abo okumelana nokudlidliza.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe umthamo womthwalo. Iziphethu zegesi ziza ngamakhono ahlukahlukene wokulayisha, futhi kubalulekile ukukhetha eyodwa engakwazi ukusekela ngokwanele isisindo sekhabhinethi kanye nokuqukethwe kwayo. Lapho ikhabhinethi ingaphansi kokudlidliza, umthwalo eziphethwini zegesi ungashintshashintsha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela umthwalo olindelekile omkhulu kanye nanoma yiziphi izipike zesisindo ezingase zenzeke.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuhlola lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza yizici ezidambisayo zesiphethu segesi. I-Damping isho ikhono lesiphethu segesi ukumunca nokuqeda amandla, okubalulekile ekwehliseni imithelela yokudlidliza. Imithombo yegesi enezici ezinhle zokudambisa izosiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wokudlidliza kwikhabhinethi, yandise impilo yayo yesevisi futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kokuqukethwe kwayo.
Ukwengeza, ubude be-stroke bomthombo wegesi buyinto ebalulekile yokucatshangelwa. Ubude be-stroke bunquma ukunwetshwa okuphezulu nokucindezelwa kwesiphethu segesi, futhi kubalulekile ukukhetha ubude be-stroke obuvumela uhla olugcwele lokunyakaza oludingwa ikhabhinethi. Lapho iKhabhinethi ibhekene nokudlidliza, imithombo yegesi kufanele ikwazi ukwamukela ukunyakaza okubangelwayo ngaphandle kokufinyelela imingcele yayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ubude be-stroke obudingekayo ngokusekelwe kwesicelo esithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla kanye nokwakhiwa kwesiphethu segesi yizici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Iziphethu zegesi ngokuvamile zakhiwa ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu njengensimbi, i-aluminium, nensimbi engagqwali. Ukukhethwa kokwakhiwa nokokusebenza kuzoba nomthelela ekuqineni kukonke kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuqinile ezindaweni ezidlidlizayo.
Lapho ukhetha imithombo yegesi yamakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ububanzi bokushisa obusebenzayo. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingadinga iziphethu zegesi ezingasebenza ngempumelelo emazingeni okushisa adlulele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha imithombo yegesi eklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo ezithile zokushisa zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ekuphetheni, lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela umthamo womthwalo, izici zokudambisa, ubude be-stroke, impahla kanye nokwakhiwa, kanye nobubanzi bokushisa obusebenzayo bemithombo yegesi. Ngokucabangela lezi zici ezibalulekile, kungenzeka ukukhetha imithombo yegesi ezosekela ngokuphumelelayo ikhabhinethi kanye nokuqukethwe kwayo ngenkathi inciphisa umthelela wokudlidliza, ekugcineni iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Iziphethu zegesi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yamakhabethe adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza. Lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zalawa makhabethe, kubalulekile ukuhlola futhi uqinisekise ukufaneleka kwazo ukumelana nokudlidliza. Le nqubo ihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nohlobo lwesiphethu segesi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, nendawo lapho amakhabethe azosetshenziswa khona.
Lapho uhlola ukufaneleka kwemithombo yegesi yokudlidliza, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lwesiphethu segesi esisetshenziswayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zeziphethu zegesi, njengeziphethu zegesi ezicindezelayo, iziphethu zegesi ezicindezelayo, neziphethu zegesi ezikhiyayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo ezihlukile futhi lufanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Kumakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, kubalulekile ukukhetha isiphethu segesi esingadambisa ngokuphumelelayo ukudlidliza futhi sinikeze ukuzinza emakhabetheni.
Ngaphezu kohlobo lwesiphethu segesi, izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwesiphethu segesi nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekufanelekeni kwayo kokudlidliza. Iziphethu zegesi ngokuvamile zenziwe ngensimbi, insimbi engagqwali, noma i-aluminium. Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zithinta amandla nokuqina kwesiphethu segesi, okubuye kube nomthelela ekhonweni laso lokumelana nokudlidliza. Kumakhabethe azobhekana nokudlidliza okukhulu, kubalulekile ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi ezenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingamelana nobunzima bokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo lapho amakhabethe azosetshenziswa khona nayo iwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho kuhlolwa futhi kuqinisekiswa ukufaneleka kwemithombo yegesi ukuze idlidlize. Amakhabhinethi asetshenziswa ezimbonini noma ezimotweni, isibonelo, ahlala evevezela futhi enyakaza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi eziklanyelwe ngqo ukumelana nalezi zimo. Ukuhlola iziphethu zegesi ezimeni zempilo yangempela kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile emandleni azo okumelana nokudlidliza nokugcina ukuzinza.
Enye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwemithombo yegesi ukudlidliza iwukuba ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwemishini, njengokuhlola ukudlidliza. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubeka iziphethu zegesi ekudlidlizeni okulawulwayo ukuze zilingise izimo zomhlaba wangempela. Ngokulinganisa ukusebenza kweziphethu zegesi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukunquma ukufaneleka kwabo ukumelana nokudlidliza. Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokulawula ikhwalithi yeziphethu zegesi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokuzinza nokuqina.
Ekuphetheni, ukukhetha imithombo yegesi yamakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza kuyisinqumo esibucayi esidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwemithombo yegesi yokudlidliza kuhilela ukuhlola uhlobo lwesiphethu segesi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, nezimo zemvelo lapho amakhabethe azosetshenziswa khona. Ngokubeka iziphethu zegesi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwemishini, njengokuhlola ukudlidliza, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi bahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokuzinza nokuqina. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha iziphethu zegesi ezifanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwamakhabethe ezindaweni ezinesidingo.
Iziphethu zegesi ziyinketho ethandwayo yezicelo zekhabhinethi ezidinga amandla okumelana nokudlidliza. Lezi zingxenye eziklanywe ngokukhethekile zilungele ukusetshenziswa emakhabetheni afaka izinto zokusebenza ezibucayi futhi zidinga indlela evikelekile nethembekile yokuvula nokuvala. Lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela ukukhethwa kwesiphethu segesi esifanele kodwa futhi nezindlela ezifanele zokufaka nokugcina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okuphelele.
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni iziphethu zegesi ezifanele zamakhabhinethi amelana nokudlidliza, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele. Okokuqala yisisindo nobukhulu bomnyango wekhabhinethi noma isivalo esizosekelwa isiphethu segesi. Kubalulekile ukukhetha isiphethu segesi esinamandla afanelekile kanye nobude be-stroke ukuze sinikeze ukusekela okudingekayo komnyango wekhabhinethi kuyilapho futhi simelana nanoma yikuphi ukudlidliza okungase kwenzeke.
Ngaphandle kokucabangela isisindo nobukhulu bomnyango wekhabhinethi, kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela indawo lapho iKhabhinethi izoba khona. Amakhabhinethi angaphansi kokuvevezela okungapheli, njengalawo asezimbonini noma ezimotweni, adinga imithombo yegesi enezici ezithile ukuze imelane nalezi zimo. Bheka iziphethu zegesi ezidizayinelwe ukumelana namazinga aphezulu okudlidliza futhi zinikeze ukuqina nokuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe kulezi zinhlobo zezindawo.
Uma iziphethu zegesi ezifanele sezikhethiwe, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zifakwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kwandiswe amandla azo amelana nokudlidliza. Ukufakwa ngendlela efanele kuqala ngokukhetha izindawo zokukhweza ezifanele zeziphethu zegesi ekhabetheni. Lawa maphuzu okukhuphuka kufanele abe namandla futhi avikeleke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imithombo yegesi iyakwazi ukusekela ngokuphumelelayo isisindo somnyango wekhabhinethi ngenkathi iphikisana nanoma yikuphi ukudlidliza.
Ngokungeziwe ekukhetheni izindawo zokukhweza ezifanele, kubalulekile futhi ukulandela imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi yokufaka iziphethu zegesi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezithile, njengabakaki noma amapuleti akhwezayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iziphethu zegesi zivikeleke ngendlela efanele endaweni. Ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi yokufakwa kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphethu zegesi ziyakwazi ukwenza njengoba zihlosiwe futhi zinikeze ukwesekwa okudingekayo kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza kwekhabhinethi.
Uma iziphethu zegesi sezifakwe kahle, kubalulekile ukwenza isimiso esijwayelekile sokulungisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola imithombo yegesi ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga noma zokonakala, ezifana nowoyela ovuzayo noma ama-seal agugile, nokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha. Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina imithombo yegesi ihlanzekile futhi ingenawo ukungcola nemfucumfucu, njengoba lokhu kungathinta ukusebenza kwayo nokuphila kwayo.
Ekuphetheni, uma kuziwa ekukhetheni iziphethu zegesi zamakhabhinethi adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kufanele kunikezwe kokubili ukukhethwa kwemithombo yegesi efanele kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokufaka nokulungisa. Ngokukhetha iziphethu zegesi eziklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukumelana nokudlidliza nokulandela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokufakwa nokugcinwa, amakhabethe angahlonyiswa ngezingxenye ezinokwethenjelwa neziqinile ezizohlinzeka ngokusekela nokusebenza okudingekayo ngisho nasezindaweni eziyinselele kakhulu.
Sengiphetha, lapho ukhetha iziphethu zegesi zamakhabethe adinga ukumelana nokudlidliza, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesisindo nobukhulu bekhabhinethi, kanye nezinga lokudlidliza elizobhekana nalo. Ngesipiliyoni sethu seminyaka engama-31 embonini, sithole ubuchwepheshe bokukuqondisa ekukhetheni iziphethu zegesi ezifanele izidingo zakho ezithile. Ngokucabangela ngokucophelela lezi zici futhi ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi amakhabhinethi akho anemithombo yegesi ezohlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuthembekile nokuqina, ngisho nasezindaweni zokudlidliza okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha iziphethu zegesi ezifanele amakhabethe akho futhi ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi nganoma yiluphi usizo.