Kamoo U Lokisang Li-Hinges tsa Kabinete

Na u khathetse ke ho sebetsana le mamati a khabinete a sa lumellaneng ka kichineng kapa ntloaneng ea hau? Ho ithuta ho lokisa lihokelo tsa khabinete ho ka fetola papali bakeng sa lehae la hau. Sehloohong sena, re tla u fa litaelo tsa mohato ka mohato mabapi le mokhoa oa ho lokisa le ho hokahanya lihokelo tsa khabinete bakeng sa ts'ebetso e boreleli le e se nang moeli. Hore na o motho ea chesehelang DIY kapa o batla feela ho boloka chelete ho lokisoeng ha litsebi, sengoloa sena se tla u hlomella ka tsebo le mahlale a ho sebetsana le bothata bona bo tloaelehileng ba lelapa. Kahoo, haeba u se u ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le chebahalo ea likhabinete tsa hau, lula u bala ho fumana malebela le maqheka a rona a ho lokisa lihinji tsa khabinete.

Ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lihokelo tsa khabinete

Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho lokisa li-hinges tsa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-hinges tse sebelisoang hangata. Lihokelo tsa Kabinete li tla ka mefuta le meralo e fapaneng, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le sepheo se fapaneng ebile e fana ka melemo e ikhethang. Ho lokisa hantle lihinge tsa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho ba le kutloisiso e tiileng ea mefuta e fapaneng ea lihokelo tse fumanehang 'marakeng kajeno.

Mofuta oa pele oa hinge ea khabinete ke hinge ea setso sa butt. Hinge ea mofuta ona e sebelisoa hangata ka har'a likhabinete tsa khale 'me hangata e entsoe ka koporo e tiileng kapa tšepe. Lihokelo tsa butt li etselitsoe hore li kenngoe monyako le foreimi, li fana ka chebahalo e hloekileng le e se nang sekoli ha khabinete e koetsoe. Lihokelo tsena li matla ka mokhoa o makatsang ebile lia tšoarella, li li etsa khetho e nepahetseng bakeng sa mamati a boima kapa libaka tse nang le sephethephethe se phahameng.

Mofuta o mong o tloaelehileng oa hinge ea khabinete ke hinge ea Europe, e tsejoang hape ka hore ke hinge e patiloeng. Hinge ea mofuta ona e tumme ka moralo oa eona o boreleli le oa sejoale-joale, o lulang o patiloe ha khabinete e koetsoe. Li-hinges tsa Europe li feto-fetoha ka mahlakoreng a mararo a fapaneng, tse lumellang tlhophiso e nepahetseng le ts'ebetso e bonolo ea mamati a khabinete. Li-hinges tsena li atisa ho sebelisoa ka kichineng le ka kamoreng ea ho hlapela ea sejoale-joale, kaha li fana ka ponahalo e hloekileng le e fokolang.

Li-hinges tse okametseng ke mofuta o mong oa hinge oa khabinete o sebelisoang hangata ho khabinete ea sejoale-joale. Li-hinges tsena li etselitsoe hore li kene ka hare ho khabinete, ho lumella lemati ho koahela foreimi ea khabinete. Li-hinges tse koahelang li tla ka litlhophiso tse fapaneng, joalo ka sekoaelo se felletseng, sekoahelo se halofo, le sets'oants'o, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e fana ka chebahalo le ts'ebetso e fapaneng ho khabinete. Li-hinges tsena lia feto-fetoha ebile ho bonolo ho li kenya, li li etsa khetho e tsebahalang bakeng sa merero ea khabinete ea DIY.

Ntle le li-hinge tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho boetse ho na le li-hinges tse khethehileng tse kang li-pivot hinges, bi-fold hinges, le li-hinges tsa sekhutlo tse sebelisetsoang lits'ebetso tse khethehileng tsa khabinete. Ka mohlala, li-hinges tsa pivot li etselitsoe ho lumella lemati la khabinete hore le bulehe le ho tsoa tseleng, 'me e be khetho e nepahetseng bakeng sa meralo e ikhethang ea khabinete. Li-hinges tse peli li atisa ho sebelisoa ka har'a lik'habote tse nang le mamati a arotsoeng ka liphanele tse peli, tse li lumellang ho mena le ho bula sebakeng se momahaneng. Li-hinges tsa likhutlo li etselitsoe lik'habote tse nang le mamati a sekhutlo, tse fanang ka mokhoa o boreleli le o se nang moeli oa ho bula le ho koala motsamao.

Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho lokisa lihinge tsa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho sebetsa le mofani oa thepa ea hinge ea tsebahalang le baetsi ba lihokelo tsa khabinete ba ka fanang ka lihokelo tsa boleng bo holimo tse tšoarellang nako e telele, tse feto-fetohang, hape ho bonolo ho li kenya. Ka mofuta o nepahetseng oa hinge le ho kenya ts'ebetso e nepahetseng, mamati a khabinete a ka sebetsa hantle le ka katleho, a etsa hore e be tlatsetso e sebetsang le ea setaele sebakeng leha e le sefe.

Qetellong, bohlokoa ba ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-hinges tsa khabinete bo ke ke ba feteletsoa ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho lokisa le ho kenya mamati a khabinete. Ka kutloisiso e tiileng ea mefuta e fapaneng ea lihokelo tse fumanehang, batho ka bomong ba ka etsa liqeto ba na le tsebo mme ba khetha hinge e nepahetseng bakeng sa litlhoko tsa bona tse ikhethileng. Ho bohlokoa ho sebetsa le morekisi ea tšeptjoang oa hinge le baetsi ba lihokelo tsa khabinete ho netefatsa hore lihokelo ke tsa boleng bo holimo le ho fana ka ts'ebetso e lakatsehang bakeng sa likhabinete. Ebang ke sehokelo sa setso, hinge ea sejoale-joale ea Europe, kapa hinge e ikhethang, ho ba le tsebo e nepahetseng le boitseanape ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tokiso e atlehileng ea hinge ea khabinete.

Ho lekola tlhoko ea ho lokisoa ha hinge

Joalo ka morekisi ea etelletseng pele oa lihinge tsa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho lula u tseba ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tokiso ea hinge e le ho thusa bareki ba rona betere. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mokhoa oa ho lekola tlhoko ea ho lokisoa ha hinge le ho fana ka malebela le tataiso ea ho etsa liphetoho tse hlokahalang.

E 'ngoe ea litaba tse atileng haholo tseo beng ba matlo le likonteraka ba tobanang le tsona ha ho tluoa lihokelong tsa khabinete ke tlhoko ea ho lokisoa. Ha nako e ntse e ea, li-hinges li ka fetoha tse hlephileng kapa tsa sa tsamaisane hantle, tsa etsa hore mamati a se ke a koaloa hantle kapa a lule a sa lekana. Sena se ke ke sa nyahamisa feela, empa se ka boela sa ama ts'ebetso ea kakaretso le ponahalo ea likhabote.

Ha u lekola tlhoko ea ho lokisoa ha hinge, ho bohlokoa ho qala ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lihokelo le hore na li lokela ho sebetsa joang. Ka mohlala, lihinji tse itsoalang li etselitsoe ho hula lemati ha le qeta ho buloa, ha lihokelo tse koahelang li sebelisoa bakeng sa mamati a lutseng ka pel’a foreime ea khabinete. Ka ho utloisisa mofuta o itseng oa hinge o sebelisoang, ho ba bonolo ho khetholla mathata leha e le afe a ka bang teng.

E 'ngoe ea mehato ea pele ea ho lekola tlhoko ea ho lokisoa ha hinge ke ho sheba mamati a khabinete le lihokelo ka mahlo. Sheba matšoao leha e le afe a ho se tsamaisane hantle, joalo ka likheo pakeng tsa lemati le foreime ea khabinete, kapa mamati a sa luleng a phunyeha ha a koetsoe. Ho phaella moo, ela hloko lerata leha e le lefe la ho kokota kapa la ho sila le ka ’nang la hlaha ha ho bula kapa ho koala mamati, kaha sena se ka bontša tlhokahalo ea ho lokisoa.

Hang ha litaba leha e le life li se li hlokometsoe, mohato o latelang ke ho fumana hore na ke liphetoho life tse lokelang ho etsoa. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho tiisa kapa ho hlephisa likurufu lihokelong, ho lokisa tekano ea mamati, kapa ho tlosa lihinge tse siiloeng ke nako kapa tse senyehileng ka botlalo. Ho bohlokoa ho atamela tokiso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka hloko le ka nepo, kaha le liphetoho tse nyane li ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea li-hinges.

Ha u etsa litokiso ho lihinge tsa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e nepahetseng bakeng sa mosebetsi. Sena se ka kenyelletsa li-screwdrivers, li-drill, le boemo ba ho netefatsa hore mamati a hlophisitsoe hantle. Ho feta moo, ho ka ba molemo ho sheba litataiso tsa moetsi bakeng sa mofuta o itseng oa hinge o sebelisoang, kaha li ka fana ka leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le mokhoa oa ho etsa liphetoho ka katleho.

Joalo ka morekisi ea etelletseng pele oa lihinji tsa khabinete, ke sepheo sa rona ho fa bareki ba rona tsebo le lisebelisoa tseo ba li hlokang ho rarolla mathata afe kapa afe a ka hlahang. Ka ho lula re tsebisitsoe ka mekhoa e metle ea ho lekola tlhoko ea ho lokisoa ha hinge, re ka sebeletsa bareki ba rona betere le ho netefatsa hore lihokelo tsa bona tsa khabinete li sebetsa ka hohle kamoo li ka khonang.

Qetellong, ho lekola tlhoko ea tokiso ea hinge ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho boloka ts'ebetso le ponahalo ea lihokelo tsa khabinete. Ka ho utloisisa mofuta o ikhethileng oa hinge e sebelisoang, ho hlahloba ka mahlo bakeng sa litaba life kapa life, le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e nepahetseng bakeng sa mosebetsi, batho ka bomong ba ka atleha ho etsa liphetoho tse hlokahalang. Joaloka morekisi ea ka sehloohong oa lihokelo tsa khabinete, re ikemiselitse ho fa bareki ba rona tataiso le tšehetso eo ba e hlokang ho rarolla mathata afe kapa afe a ka hlahang.

Tataiso ea mehato ea ho lokisa lihinge tse tloaelehileng tsa khabinete

Na u khathetse ke hore likhabinete tsa hau ha li koalehe hantle kapa li shebahala li sa lekane? Bothata e ka 'na ea e-ba lihokelo tsa khabinete ea hau. Seke oa tšoenyeha, ho lokisa lihokelo tsa khabinete ho bonolo ho feta kamoo u ka nahanang! Tataisong ena ea mohato ka mohato, re tla u tsamaisa tšebetsong ea ho lokisa lihinge tse tloaelehileng tsa khabinete e le hore u ka khona ho ba le likhabinete tse tsamaellanang le tse sebetsang hantle ntle le nako.

Pele o qala, ho bohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore o na le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng bakeng sa mosebetsi. U tla hloka screwdriver (hangata hlooho ea Phillips kapa hlooho e bataletseng, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa likurufu lihokelong tsa hao), pentšele, rula kapa teipi ea ho metha, mohlomong le hamore haeba lihokelo tsa hao li hloka hore ho lokisoe poleiti e ntseng e hola.

Mohato oa Pele: Tseba Bothata

Mohato oa pele oa ho lokisa lihokelo tsa khabinete ea hau ke ho tseba bothata. Bula le ho koala mamati a khabinete ho bona hore na ke afe a sa nepahalang kapa a sa koaloang hantle. Ela hloko mamati leha e le afe a khomarelang, a leketlileng ka mokhoa o sa leka-lekaneng, kapa a sa koalehang hohle.

Mohato oa 2: Lokolla li-Screws

Ha u se u hlokometse li-hinges tse nang le bothata, bula mamati a khabinete ka botlalo 'me u fumane li-screws holim'a lihokelo. Sebelisa screwdriver ea hau ho lokolla li-screw tse lekaneng feela ho u lumella ho fetoha. E-ba hlokolosi hore u se ke ua tlosa li-screws ka ho feletseng, kaha sena se tla etsa hore ho be thata ho fetola mamati.

Mohato oa Boraro: Lokisa Menyako

Ha li-screws li lokolotsoe, joale u ka khona ho lokisa boemo ba mamati ka hloko. Haeba lemati le khomarela ka holimo, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u theole hinge; haeba e khomarela ka tlaase, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u phahamise hinge. Sebelisa 'musi oa hau kapa tepi ea ho lekanya ho etsa bonnete ba hore menyako e hlophisitsoe ka ho lekana le ka bophahamo bo lekanang.

Mohato oa 4: Tiisa li-Screws

Hang ha mamati a hlophisitsoe hantle, tiisa li-screws holim'a li-hinges ho li tiisa sebakeng sa tsona. Etsa bonnete ba hore o hlahloba hore mamati a bulehile le ho koaloa hantle le hore a tsamaisana le mamati a mang ka khabineteng.

Mohato oa 5: Leka Menyako

Ka mor'a ho lokisa le ho tiisa li-screws holim'a lihokelo, leka mamati ho netefatsa hore a koala hantle ntle le ho khomarela kapa ho se lekane. Haeba bothata bo ntse bo tsoela pele, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u phete mokhoa oo kapa u batle thuso ea litsebi.

Qetellong, ho lokisa li-hinges tse tloaelehileng tsa khabinete ke mokhoa o bonolo o ka etsang phapang e kholo ponahalong le ts'ebetsong ea likhabote tsa hau. Ka lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tsa motheo le mamello e nyane, u ka khona ho ba le mamati a khabinete a hokahantsoeng hantle le a sebetsang hantle ka nako leha e le efe. Haeba u na le mathata leha e le afe a ho lokisa lihokelo tsa khabinete ea hau, u seke oa tsilatsila ho ikopanya le mofani oa lihinge kapa moetsi oa hinge oa khabinete bakeng sa thuso. Ka tsebo ea bona le tataiso, u ka etsa bonnete ba hore likhabinete tsa hau li maemong a holimo.

Ho rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng ka lihokelo tsa khabinete

Lihokelo tsa Kabinete ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea khabinete efe kapa efe, kaha li lumella mamati hore a bulehe le ho koaloa hantle. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka karolo efe kapa efe ea mochini, lihokelo tsa khabinete ka linako tse ling li ka ba le mathata a ka amang ts'ebetso ea tsona. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla lintlha tse ling tse tloaelehileng ka li-hinges tsa khabinete le mokhoa oa ho li rarolla ka katleho.

Li-Screw tse hlephileng

E 'ngoe ea litaba tse atileng haholo ka li-hinges tsa khabinete ke li-screws tse hlephileng. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho buleha le ho koaloa kamehla ha mamati a khabinete ho ka etsa hore lisekere li thellehe, e leng se lebisang ho lemati le sisinyehang kapa le sa tsamaellaneng hantle. Ho lokisa taba ena, tiisa feela li-screw ka ho sebelisa screwdriver. Ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba li-screws tsohle tse hingeng, hammoho le tse tšoereng hinge ho foreimi ea khabinete.

Ho se tsamaisane hantle

Taba e 'ngoe e tloaelehileng ka lihokelo tsa khabinete ke ho se tsamaisane hantle. Sena se ka bakoa ke mabaka a fapaneng, joalo ka mokato o sa lekaneng kapa khabinete, kapa le hinge e kentsoeng hampe. Ho sebetsana le ho se tsamaisane hantle, qala ka ho hlahloba boemo ba hinge le lemati. Haeba lemati le sa tsamaisane hantle, lokisa boemo ba hinge ka ho lokolla li-screw le ho e beha sebakeng se seng. Ho feta moo, etsa bonnete ba hore hinge e khomaretsoe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng foreiming ea khabinete.

Motsamao o thata

Haeba u hlokomela hore lemati la khabinete le thata ho bula kapa ho koala, hinge e ka 'na ea e-ba le ho satalla. Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la ho bokellana ha litšila le lithōle, kapa feela ka lebaka la ho taboha le ho taboha. Ho rarolla bothata bona, qala ka ho hloekisa hinge ka sehloekisi se bonolo sa ntlo le borashe bo bonolo. Hang ha hinge e hloekile, sebelisa lubricant likarolong tse tsamaeang ho netefatsa hore ho sebetsa hantle. Ho phaella moo, hlahloba lisebelisoa leha e le life tse senyehileng kapa tse tsofetseng tse ka 'nang tsa hloka ho nkeloa sebaka.

Ho tsubella kapa ho bopa

Ho lla kapa ho lla ha u bula le ho koala mamati a khabinete e ka ba ntho e tenang haholo. Taba ena hangata e bakoa ke likhohlano lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa hinge. Ho sebetsana le sena, qala ka ho tlotsa likarolo tse tsamaeang tsa hinge ka lubricant e thehiloeng ho silicone. Sena se tla thusa ho fokotsa likhohlano le ho felisa lerata le tenang. Haeba squeaking e ntse e tsoela pele, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u hlahlobe hinge bakeng sa likarolo leha e le life tse senyehileng tse ka' nang tsa hloka ho nkeloa sebaka.

Hinge Supplier le Cabinet Hinge Manufacturers

Ha u rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng ka li-hinges tsa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka boleng ba lihokelo ka botsona. Ho sebetsa le morekisi ea tšepahalang oa hinge le bahlahisi ba lihokelo tsa khabinete ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore o sebelisa lihokelo tsa boleng bo holimo tseo ho seng monyetla oa ho ba le mathata. Ha u khetha lihinge bakeng sa likhabinete tsa hau, sheba bahlahisi ba tsebahalang ba fanang ka lihlahisoa tse tšoarellang le tse hahiloeng hantle. Ho phaella moo, nahana ka thepa le qetello ea li-hinges ho etsa bonnete ba hore li tla mamella ho senyeha ha letsatsi le letsatsi ho sebelisoa.

Qetellong, ho rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng ka lihokelo tsa khabinete ho ka thusa ho netefatsa hore likhabinete tsa hau li tsoela pele ho sebetsa hantle. Ka ho sebetsana le li-screws tse hlephileng, ho se lumellane, ho satalla, le ho kokota, u ka lelefatsa nako ea bophelo ea lihokelo tsa khabinete ea hau le ho boloka ts'ebetso ea likhabinete tsa hau. Ho sebetsa le morekisi ea nang le botumo bo botle ba lihinge le bahlahisi ba lihokelo tsa khabinete ho bohlokoa hape ho netefatsa hore o sebelisa lihinji tsa boleng bo holimo tseo ho seng monyetla oa ho ba le mathata.

Ho boloka le ho lelefatsa nako ea bophelo ea lihokelo tsa khabinete

Joalo ka morekisi oa hinge kapa moetsi oa hinge oa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa tlhokahalo ea ho boloka le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lihokelo tsa khabinete. Ka ho etsa joalo, o ka fana ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo ho bareki ba hau mme o netefatsa khotsofalo ea bona ka nako e telele.

E 'ngoe ea mehato ea pele ea ho boloka lihokelo tsa khabinete ke ho li hloekisa khafetsa. Ha nako e ntse e ea, lerōle, litšila le lithōle li ka bokellana ka har’a lihokelo, tsa etsa hore li be thata ’me ho be thata ho sebetsa. Ho hloekisa li-hinges, sebelisa borashe kapa lesela le bonolo ho tlosa li-buildup leha e le life. U ka boela ua sebelisa sesepa se bonolo kapa setlolo ho thusa ho lokolla litšila leha e le life tse manganga.

Ntle le ho hloekisa, ho bohlokoa hape ho hlahloba li-hinge khafetsa bakeng sa matšoao leha e le afe a ho senyeha. Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlahloba li-screw tse hlephileng, lithakhisa tse senyehileng, kapa li-bearings tse tsofetseng. Ka ho rarolla mathata ana esale pele, o ka thibela tšenyo e eketsehileng le ho lelefatsa nako ea bophelo ea li-hinges.

Haeba likarolo life kapa life tsa hinge li hloka ho nkeloa sebaka, ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa likarolo tse ncha tsa boleng bo holimo. Joalo ka morekisi oa hinge kapa moetsi oa hinge oa khabinete, o na le boiphihlelo ba ho fa bareki ba hau likarolo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa lihokelo tsa bona. Sena se ke ke sa ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-hinges feela empa hape se tla netefatsa bophelo ba bona bo bolelele.

Ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea ho boloka lihinji tsa khabinete ke ho li tlotsa khafetsa. Sena se tla thusa ho fokotsa likhohlano le ho felloa ke matla, hammoho le ho thibela mafome le mafome. Etsa bonnete ba hore o sebelisa mafura a etselitsoeng li-hinge ka ho khetheha 'me u latele litlhahiso tsa moetsi bakeng sa kopo.

Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa ho ruta bareki ba hau mokhoa oa ho lokisa lihokelo tsa khabinete hantle. Ka ho fana ka litaelo tse hlakileng le tataiso, u ka ba thusa ho qoba liphoso tse tloaelehileng tse ka lebisang ho taboha le ho taboha pele ho nako. Sena se ke ke sa ba bolokela chelete ea ho lokisa feela empa hape se tla ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba bona ka kakaretso ka sehlahisoa.

Qetellong, joalo ka morekisi oa hinge kapa moetsi oa hinge oa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho ema ka morao ho boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa hau. Sena se kenyelletsa ho fana ka liwaranti le tšehetso ho bareki ba hau, hammoho le ho ba fa lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang ho boloka lihokelo tsa bona hantle.

Qetellong, ho boloka le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lihokelo tsa khabinete ho bohlokoa ho moetsi le mosebelisi oa ho qetela. Ka ho nka mehato e matla ea ho hloekisa, ho hlahloba le ho tlotsa lihinji, hammoho le ho fana ka likarolo tse ncha tsa boleng bo holimo le tataiso mabapi le tokiso, u ka netefatsa khotsofalo ea bareki ba hau le bophelo bo bolelele ba lihlahisoa tsa hau. Joalo ka morekisi oa hinge kapa moetsi oa hinge oa khabinete, ho bohlokoa ho etelletsa tlhokomelo ea lihlahisoa tsa hau pele le ho fana ka tšehetso e hlokahalang ho bareki ba hau.

Qetello

Qetellong, ho lokisa li-hinges tsa khabinete ho ka bonahala e le mosebetsi o boima, empa ka tsebo le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, e ka ba mokhoa o bonolo le o tobileng. Ka boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse 30 indastering, k'hamphani ea rona e na le boiphihlelo ba ho u tataisa ts'ebetsong ena le ho netefatsa hore likhabinete tsa hau li sebetsa ka mokhoa o se nang sekoli. Seke oa tsilatsila ho ikopanya le rona bakeng sa thuso efe kapa efe mabapi le ho lokisa lihokelo tsa khabinete ea hau, 'me re u thuse ho fihlela tšebetso e phethahetseng bakeng sa likhabinete tsa hau.