Ngaba unomdla wokwazi ngabavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala eziphambili kwihlabathi? Ungajongi ngokubhekele phaya! Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga abadlali abaphezulu behlabathi kushishino kwaye singene kwinto ebahlulayo. Ukusuka kuyilo oluyilayo ukuya kumgangatho ongenakuthelekiswa nanto, fumana abadlali abaphambili ababumba ikamva lezixhobo zefenitshala.
Ishishini lempahla yefenitshala yehlabathi licandelo elikhulu nelahlukileyo elidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso nakuyilo lwefanitshala kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukusuka kwiihenjisi kunye ne-drawer slides ukuya kwiziphatho kunye namaqhina, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala banoxanduva lokudala izinto ezibalulekileyo ezizisa iifenitshala kunye. Kweli nqaku, siza kubonelela ngombono weshishini lefenitshala yefenitshala yehlabathi, sigxile kubadlali abaphambili kwiimarike kunye neendlela zamva nje zokubumba ishishini.
Abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala ziinkampani ezijongene nokuveliswa kwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwefenitshala. Ezi nkampani zibonelela ngeemveliso ezininzi, ezibandakanya iihenjisi, izilayidi zedrowa, izikrufu, amaqhina kunye neetsalo, phakathi kwezinye. Ngelixa abanye abavelisi befenitshala bevelisa i-hardware yabo endlwini, abanye abaninzi baxhomekeke kubavelisi be-hardware abakhethekileyo ukuba babonelele ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiifenitshala zabo.
Ishishini lempahla yefenitshala yehlabathi likhuphisana kakhulu, kunye nabavelisi abaninzi abakhuphisana ngesabelo sentengiso kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Abanye babavelisi bempahla yefenitshala ephambili babandakanya iBlum, iHettich, iAccuride, iGrass, kunye noTitus, phakathi kwabanye. Ezi nkampani zizenzele njengeenkokeli kushishino ngenxa yeemveliso zazo ezintsha, imigangatho ekumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nothungelwano oluluqilima lokusasaza.
Enye yeendlela eziphambili ezibumba umzi-mveliso wefenitshala yehlabathi kukukhula kwemfuno ezinzileyo kunye ne-eco-friendly iimveliso. Njengoko abathengi beba nolwazi olungakumbi ngokusingqongileyo, abavelisi befenitshala bayanda befuna amacandelo e-hardware enziwe kwizinto ezizinzileyo kwaye zenziwe kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ze-eco-friendly. Oku kubangele ukunyuka kwemveliso yezixhobo ze-hardware ezenziwe kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokwamkelwa kweendlela zokwenza umbane ngokufanelekileyo ngabavelisi abahamba phambili be-hardware.
Omnye umkhwa ophembelela ishishini lempahla yentsimbi yehlabathi kukwanda kokugxila kuyilo kunye nobuhle. Njengoko iindlela zefenitshala ziguquka kwaye abathengi bafuna iziqwenga ezikhethekileyo kunye nezinesitayile kumakhaya abo, abavelisi behardware baphendula ngokunikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenketho zoyilo kunye nokugqibezela iimveliso zabo. Ukusuka kuyilo lwangoku oluthambileyo ukuya kwiziqwenga eziphefumlelweyo zakudala, abavelisi behardware bahlala bevelisa izinto ezintsha ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno eziguqukayo zentengiso.
Ukuqukumbela, ishishini lempahla yefenitshala yehlabathi licandelo eliguqukayo nelikhuphisanayo elidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yefenitshala kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukusuka ekuboneleleni ngezinto eziyimfuneko zolwakhiwo lwefanitshala ukuya kwiindlela zokuqhuba kwimveliso ezinzileyo kunye noyilo oluyilayo, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala baphambili kwishishini. Njengoko imarike iqhubeka nokuvela, kuya kuba ngumdla ukubona ukuba abavelisi abahamba phambili baziqhelanisa njani nokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo kunye nokukhethwa kwabathengi kwihlabathi liphela.
Icandelo lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zefanitshala yehlabathi lishishini eliguqukayo nelikhula ngokukhawuleza nelidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwefanitshala kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukusuka kwiihenjisi kunye nezibambo ukuya kwidrowa yezilayidi namaqhina, abavelisi bempahla yentsimbi yefenitshala bayila baze bavelise izinto eziyimfuneko ezenza ifanitshala esiyisebenzisayo kumakhaya ethu, ii-ofisi, kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke.
Abanye babadlali abaphambili kwicandelo lemveliso yefenitshala yehlabathi ibandakanya iinkampani ezinjengeBlum, iHettich, iGrass, kunye neSalice. Ezi nkampani ziyaziwa ngeemveliso zazo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, uyilo oluyilayo, kunye nodumo oluqinileyo kushishino. Ngamashumi eminyaka yamava kunye nokuzinikela ekugqweseni, ezi nkampani ziye zazimisela njengeenkokeli kwimarike yempahla yefenitshala.
I-Blum yinkampani eyaziwayo yase-Austrian ejongene nemveliso ye-hardware yefenitshala esebenzayo kunye ne-ergonomic. Iimveliso zabo ziyaziwa ngokuqina kwazo, ubunjineli obuchanekileyo, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokuqamba izinto ezintsha. I-Blum inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanywa iihenjisi, iinkqubo zedrowa, iinkqubo zokuphakamisa, kunye neenkqubo zangaphakathi zokwahlula, ezisetyenziswa ekhitshini, kumagumbi okuhlambela, kunye neendawo zokuhlala emhlabeni jikelele.
UHettich ngomnye umdlali ophambili kwicandelo lemveliso yefenitshala yehlabathi. Ngokusekwe eJamani, iHettich yaziwa ngezisombululo zayo ezintsha kunye neemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Inkampani inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanywa iihenjisi, ii-drawer slides, kunye neenkqubo zomnyango wokutyibilika, ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zefenitshala. Iimveliso zikaHettich ziyaziwa ngokuhlala kwazo, ukusebenza ngokutyibilikayo, kunye nokufakwa lula, okuzenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwabavelisi befenitshala kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo.
Ingca ngumenzi okhokelayo wempahla yefenitshala egxile kakhulu kuyilo kunye nokusebenza. Isekwe eOstriya, iGrass yaziwa ngeemveliso zayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, uyilo oluyilayo, kunye nokuzinikela kuzinzo. Inkampani inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, ezibandakanya iihenjisi, izilayidi zedrowa, kunye neenkqubo zokuphakamisa, ezisetyenziswa emakhitshini, kumagumbi okuhlambela, nakwezinye iindawo zokuhlala. Iimveliso zeGrass zaziwa ngobunjineli bazo obuchanekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqina okuhlala ixesha elide, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwabavelisi befenitshala kunye nabayili.
I-Salice yinkampani yase-Itali egxile ekuveliseni i-hardware yefenitshala yamakhitshi, amagumbi okuhlambela kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Inkampani yaziwa ngezisombululo zayo ezintsha, iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokuzinikela kuzinzo. I-Salice inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanywa iihenjisi, iinkqubo zedrowa, kunye neenkqubo zokuphakamisa, ezisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefenitshala. Iimveliso zikaSalice ziyaziwa ngokusebenza kwazo, ukuqina, kunye noyilo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwabavelisi befanitshala kunye nabathengi.
Ukuqukumbela, icandelo lemveliso yefenitshala yehlabathi lilawulwa ziinkampani ezinjengeBlum, iHettich, iGrass, kunye neSalice, ezaziwa ngemveliso yazo ekumgangatho ophezulu, uyilo oluyilayo, kunye nodumo oluqinileyo kushishino. Aba badlali baphambili badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yefenitshala kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye baqhubeke nokuqhuba ukutsha kunye nokugqwesa kwishishini. Njengoko imfuno yefenitshala ephezulu iqhubeka ikhula, ezi nkampani zibekwe kakuhle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabenzi befenitshala kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo.
Abavelisi bempahla yentsimbi yefenitshala badlala indima ebalulekileyo kumzi mveliso wefenitshala yehlabathi, bebonelela ngezinto ezibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza, ukuqina, kunye nobuhle bempahla yefenitshala. Aba bavelisi bavelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zehardware, eziquka iihenjisi, izibambo, izilayidi zedrowa, amaqhina, nezitshixo, ezisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zefanitshala, njengeekhabhathi, iitafile, izitulo neebhedi. Ukukhula kwabavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi kuqhutywa zizinto eziphambili ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, ukutshintsha izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, ukwanda kwemfuno yeemveliso ezilungiselelweyo, kunye nokukhula kwefanitshala yeemodyuli kunye nemisebenzi emininzi.
Enye yezona zinto ziphambili eziqhuba ukukhula kwabavelisi bezixhobo zefanitshala yehlabathi kukuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji. Ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obuphambili bokuvelisa, obufana noshicilelo lwe-3D, i-CNC machining, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlanganisana ezizenzekelayo, zenze ukuba abavelisi bavelise iimveliso ze-hardware ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka okukhulu. Obu bugcisa bukwaququzelele uphuhliso loyilo olutsha kunye nemathiriyeli, evumela abavelisi ukuba benze izisombululo zehardware ezisebenzayo kunye nezinomtsalane.
Ukongeza kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukutshintsha izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi kukwaphembelele ukukhula kwabavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi. Abathengi banamhlanje banomdla ngakumbi woyilo kwaye baqhutywa lixabiso, bafuna amaqhekeza efenitshala angajongi kakuhle kuphela kodwa abonelela ngeempawu ezisebenzayo kunye nokuqina. Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi baphantsi koxinzelelo lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye banikeze uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zehardware ezibonelela ngeencasa ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zabathengi. Ukusuka kuyilo olucekethekileyo nolwangoku ukuya kwizitayile zemveli kunye nezase rustic, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala kufuneka bahlale bezihlaziya ukuze bahlale bekhuphisana kwimarike.
Ngaphaya koko, ukwanda kwemfuno yeemveliso ezilungelelanisiweyo kudale amathuba amatsha kubavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi. Abathengi abaninzi bafuna izisombululo zefanitshala eyenzelwe umntu ebonisa isitayile sabo esikhethekileyo kunye neemfuno. Lo mkhwa ukhokelele abavelisi ukuba banikezele ngeemveliso ze-hardware ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, ezifana neehenjisi ezilungelelanisiweyo, iinkqubo zedrowa zemodyuli, kunye namaqhina okuhombisa, anokuthi alungelelaniswe ukuze alungele ukuyila kwefenitshala ethile. Ngokubonelela ngeenketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso, abavelisi banokutsala isiseko somthengi esibanzi kwaye baphucule ukhuphiswano lwabo lwentengiso.
Ngaphaya koko, ukukhula kwefanitshala yeemodyuli kunye nemisebenzi emininzi kukwanegalelo ekukhuleni kwabavelisi bezixhobo zefanitshala yehlabathi. Njengoko iindawo zokuhlala ezidolophini ziba zincinci kwaye zixinene ngakumbi, abathengi bajonge iifenitshala eziguquguqukayo, ezonga indawo, kwaye kulula ukuzihlanganisa. Iinkqubo zefenitshala zemodyuli, ezifana neeyunithi zokubeka iishelufu, iikhabhathi zokugcina, kunye needesika ezixhonywe eludongeni, ziye zanda kakhulu, zidala imfuno yezinto ezihambelanayo zehardware ezinokutshintshwa ngokulula kwaye ziphinde ziqwalaselwe. Abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala yefenitshala baye basabela kulo mkhwa ngokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezintsha, ezifana neendlela ezikhawulezayo zokukhupha, ukuvalwa kwamagnetic, kunye nezixhobo ezihlengahlengiswayo, ezenza ukuba abathengi benze ngokwezifiso kwaye balungelelanise ifenitshala yabo ngokweemfuno zabo eziguqukayo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukukhula kwabavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi kuqhutywa kukudityaniswa kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukutshintsha izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, ukwanda kwemfuno yeemveliso ezilungiselelweyo, kunye nokunyuka kwefanitshala yeemodyuli kunye nemisebenzi emininzi. Njengoko ishishini lefenitshala liqhubeleka nokuvela, abavelisi kufuneka baqhubeke beyila kwaye baziqhelanise nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike ekhuphisanayo. Ngokuhlala uphambi kweendlela kunye nokubonelela ngezisombululo ezintsha, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala banokuzimisa ukukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nempumelelo kwimarike yehlabathi.
Abavelisi bempahla yentsimbi yefenitshala badlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwefenitshala yehlabathi, bebonelela ngezinto eziyimfuneko ukuze kudityaniswe kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi wamaqhekeza efanitshala. Aba bavelisi banoxanduva lokuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanya iihenjisi, izibambo, izilayidi zedrowa, kunye namaqhina, phakathi kwezinye. Ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yefanitshala kwihlabathi liphela, icandelo lemveliso yefenitshala yefenitshala libone ukukhula okubonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwamathuba okwandisa kunye nenzuzo, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala yehlabathi bajongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo enokuthi ibe nefuthe ekusebenzeni kwabo kunye nenzuzo. Omnye wemingeni ephambili abajongene nayo aba benzi lukhuphiswano olumandla kwimarike. Ngokunyuka kwehlabathi kunye nokukhululeka kokufikelela kubuchwephesha obutsha, iinkampani ezivela kwihlabathi jikelele zingena kwicandelo lokuvelisa i-hardware yefenitshala, ukwandisa ukhuphiswano kunye nokubeka uxinzelelo kubavelisi abakhoyo ukuba baqulunqe kwaye bahluke kubo abakhuphisana nabo.
Omnye umceli mngeni abajongene nawo abavelisi bezixhobo zefanitshala yehlabathi kukuhla kunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada. Iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nentsimbi, i-aluminium, kunye neplastiki, zinokuhluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemarike kunye nezinto zehlabathi, ezifana nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela. Oku kuguquguquka kunokuchaphazela iindleko zemveliso yabenzi bempahla yefenitshala yefenitshala, echaphazela ingeniso yabo yengeniso kunye nokuzinza kwemali.
Ukongeza, abavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi kufuneka bajonge ukuntsonkotha kwemimiselo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neerhafu. Njengoko aba bavelisi besoloko befumana imathiriyeli kwaye bethengisa iimveliso ngaphaya kwemida, basesichengeni sokutshintsha kwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, enokuthi ibe nefuthe kubume beendleko zabo kunye nokufikelela kwiimarike. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukunyanzeliswa kweerhafu phakathi kwamaqabane aphambili orhwebo, afana ne-United States ne-China, yongeze umaleko wokungaqiniseki kubavelisi bezinto zempahla yefenitshala yehlabathi, ebanyanzela ukuba baphinde baphonononge izicwangciso zabo zokukhangela kunye nokuvelisa.
Ngaphaya koko, abavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi kufuneka balwe nokuvela kwezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi kunye neendlela zoyilo. Njengoko izitayile zefenitshala kunye nemathiriyeli ziqhubeka nokuvela, abavelisi kufuneka bahlale phambi kwezi ndlela zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi kunye nabayili befanitshala. Oku kufuna utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuphando kunye nophuhliso, kunye nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nokutshintsha kweemarike.
Ukuqukumbela, abavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi bajongana nentaphane yemingeni kukhuphiswano lwanamhlanje kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza imeko yentengiso. Ukusuka kukhuphiswano olumandla kunye nokuhla amaxabiso ezinto ezingasetyenziswanga ukuya kwizithintelo zorhwebo kunye nokutshintsha kwezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, aba bavelisi kufuneka bajonge kumhlaba ontsonkothileyo ukugcina amashishini abo kwaye bahlale befanelekile kushishino lwefenitshala yehlabathi. Ngokuhlala bekhulile, besenza izinto ezintsha, kwaye besabela kwiindlela zentengiso, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala banokuyoyisa le mingeni kwaye bazibeke ekukhuleni nasekuphumeleleni kwexesha elizayo.
Iindlela ezivelayo kwishishini lehlabathi lokuvelisa izixhobo zefenitshala zibumba indlela esicinga ngayo ngefanitshala, ukusuka kuyilo ukuya ekusebenzeni. Njengoko abathengi bafuna iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala bavelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye baziqhelanisa nokuhlangabezana nolu lindelo lukhulayo.
Enye yeendlela eziphambili kwishishini lehlabathi lefenitshala yokwenziwa kwehardware kugxilwa kuzinzo kunye nezenzo ezilungele indalo. Ngokunyuka kweenkxalabo malunga neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, abavelisi babeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezizinzileyo kunye nezenzo ekuveliseni i-hardware yefenitshala. Oku kuquka ukukhangela izinto ezivela kumahlathi alawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa izinto zokuncamathelisa ezikhupha kancinci, kunye nokuphumeza iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla. Abathengi baqaphela ngakumbi impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokuthenga kwabo, kwaye abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala basabela kule mfuno ngokubandakanya izenzo ezizinzileyo kwimisebenzi yabo.
Omnye umkhwa ovelayo kwishishini lehlabathi lokwenziwa kwempahla yentsimbi yefenitshala kukudityaniswa kobugcisa kuyilo lwemveliso. Ngokunyuka kwezixhobo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto, abavelisi befenitshala yefenitshala babandakanya itekhnoloji efana ne-sensors, uqhagamshelo kunye ne-automation kwiimveliso zabo. Oku kuvumela ifenitshala ukuba ikwazi ukwenzeka ngakumbi, iguquguquke, kwaye iphendule kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi. Ngokomzekelo, i-hardware yefenitshala enezinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi inokuhlengahlengisa kwizinto ezikhethwa ngumsebenzisi zobude, i-engile, okanye ukulungelelaniswa, ukudala amava omntu kunye nokhululekileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, imveliso yefenitshala yehlabathi ibona ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchule bokwenza. Ukusuka kushicilelo lwe-3D ukuya kwii-alloys zetsimbi eziphambili, abavelisi baphonononga imathiriyeli entsha kunye neenkqubo zokwenza ihardware yefenitshala ehlala ixesha elide, ekhaphukhaphu, kunye nenomtsalane ngobuhle. Ezi nkqubela phambili aziphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wehardware yefenitshala kodwa zikwatyhala imida yoyilo olunokwenzeka.
Ukongeza kwezi ndlela, abavelisi bezinto zempahla yefenitshala yehlabathi bagxile ekwandiseni amava omsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa i-ergonomics kunye nokulula. Ukusuka kumacandelo e-hardware alungelelanisiweyo ukuya kwiimpawu ekulula ukuzifaka, abavelisi baqulunqa i-hardware yefenitshala esebenziseka lula kunye ne-intuitive. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha kunye nendlela yokujonga i-user-centric iguqula indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nefenitshala, iyenza ikhululeke ngakumbi, isebenze, kwaye isebenze kakuhle.
Lilonke, ishishini lokwenziwa kwempahla yefenitshala yehlabathi lifumana ixesha lokuzivelela kwezinto ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Njengoko abathengi beqhubeka befuna iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezizinzileyo, kunye nezobuchwepheshe, abavelisi bempahla yefenitshala benyukela kumngeni ngokwamkela iindlela ezivelayo kunye nokutyhala imida yoyilo kunye nokusebenza. Ngokubeka phambili uzinzo, itekhnoloji, imathiriyeli, kunye namava omsebenzisi, abavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi babumba ikamva loyilo lwefanitshala kunye nokuveliswa.
Ukuqukumbela, abavelisi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini, bebonelela ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezisombululo ezitsha kwiinkampani nakubathengi kwihlabathi liphela. Ngeminyaka engama-31 yamava, sizimise njengeqabane elithembekileyo nelithembekileyo kumashishini ajonga izisombululo zehardware ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Njengoko imfuno yefenitshala iqhubeka ikhula, sizimisele ukuhlala siphambili kwiindlela zeshishini kunye nobuchwepheshe, siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zethu ziyahlangabezana neemfuno kunye nokulindelwe ngabathengi bethu. Ngokuzinikezela kwethu kumgangatho, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi, sinebhongo ngokubalwa phakathi kwabenzi bezixhobo zefenitshala yehlabathi.