Aosite, kusukela 1993
Impendulo: a. Ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali liqoqe uthuli oluqukethe ezinye izakhi zensimbi noma okunamathiselwe kwezinhlayiya zensimbi zangaphandle. Emoyeni onomswakama, amanzi ajiyile phakathi kwezinto ezinamathiselwe nensimbi engagqwali axhuma kokubili ukwenza ibhethri elincane, okubangela ugesi Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kubhubhisa ifilimu evikelayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrochemical corrosion.
b. Ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali linamathela kujusi wemvelo (njengekhabe, imifino, isobho lenoodle, isikhwehlela, njll.), eyakha i-asidi ephilayo phambi kwamanzi nomoya-mpilo, kanti i-asidi ephilayo izogqwalisa ingaphezulu lensimbi isikhathi eside. isikhathi.
c. Ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali ibambelela ekubeni ne-asidi, i-alkali, nezinto zikasawoti (njengamanzi ane-alkaline namanzi omcako afafaza odongeni lomhlobiso), okubangela ukugqwala kwendawo.
d. Emoyeni ongcolile (njengomkhathi oqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfide, i-carbon oxide, ne-nitrogen oxide), uzokwakha i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, namachashaza angama-acetic liquid athintana namanzi ajiyile, okubangela ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali.