Zvinomwe zvekushandisa maitiro evatsva veChinese vakazvarwa muma90s:




Kutanga, kushandiswa kwakanangana nekutsvagisa kuri kutungamira, uye vatsva munharaunda inyanzvi mukutsvaga mari-inoshanda;


Chechipiri, hupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvemumba, kugamuchirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemumba uye kufarira kudyiwa nevatsva munharaunda zvakakwirira zvisati zvamboitika;


Chechitatu, iyo yakanyanya kuoma iyo isingafarirwe, iyo yakajairika uye yakasarudzika kupfeka kwemashure-90s munzvimbo yebasa;


Chechina, kushandiswa kwehutano hwehutano hwekukwegura huri kuve huduku, uye vatsva vakaberekerwa munharaunda ye90s havatyi rufu asi kukwegura;


Chechishanu, hapana zvirambidzo pakuperekedza kushandiswa. Vatsva munzanga yemazuva ano havakumbiri zvose zviri zviviri vana nekatsi nembwa;


Yechitanhatu, mhedzisiro yezvidhori uye vanozivikanwa veInternet inoneteswa, uye vatsva munharaunda vanonyanya kuda kutenda muongororo chaiyo yemushandisi;


Zvinomwe, kukosha kwekutenga kumwe kunoderera, kuwanda kwekutenga kunowedzera, uye chiyero chekutengazve chinowedzera.




Sekureva kwemushumo uyu, tinogona kupenda akati wandei mapikicha evanogona kuve vatengi muindasitiri yazvino yemidziyo yemumba.




1. "Vadzidzi vanochengetedza mari" vanotenga-tenga, uye vane shungu dzekuramba vachisarudza zvakanakisa zvigadzirwa zvinodhura kubva kune zvinoyevedza zvigadzirwa;




2. "Fake vapfumi vatambi" vane avhareji mari, uye vane rupo mumagariro avo nharaunda nekuda kwehunhu;




3. "Masvosva Matsva" vanoroja mumaguta ekutanga-tier havana dzimba dzakagadziriswa uye vanofarira kutenga zvigadzirwa zviri nyore kutora kana kurasikirwa nemoyo;




4. "Atypical yenzvimbo yebasa" inoreva kune vepashure-90s vanotsigira hunhu, uye vanowanzotamba nemaitiro;

Maererano nemushumo weEfe munaJune 12, 12th Ministerial Conference yeWorld Trade Organization (WTO) yakavhurwa musi we12. Musangano uyu waitarisira kusvika pachibvumirano chekubata hove, chekorona itsva yekudzivirira kodzero dzenjere uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, asi zvakare kunetsekana nekusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kupatsanura nyika kuita zvikwata zviviri zvekutengesa.



Director-General weWTO Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala akayambira pamhemberero dzekuvhura kuti hondo muUkraine, kusawirirana kwehupfumi pakati pemasimba makuru uye kutadza kwenhengo dzeWTO kusvika pachibvumirano chikuru kwemakore akati wandei kwaita kuti kutengeserana kutsva. "Cold War" inonzwika zvakare.



Akayambira kuti: "Kuparadzana mumabhuroki ekutengeserana kunogona kureva kudonha kwe5% muGDP yepasirese."



Musangano wemakurukota eWTO unowanzoitwa makore maviri ega ega, asi hausati waitwa kwemakore anoda kusvika mashanu nekuda kwekukanganisa kwedenda. Mumazuva matatu anotevera, chikamu ichi chichatsvaga kusvika pachibvumirano pazvinhu zvakaita sekumbomisa patent pamishonga mitsva yekorona kuti ikwidze kugadzirwa kwejekiseni munyika dzichiri kusimukira.



India neSouth Africa dzakaronga chirevo ichi kutanga kwa2020, uye nyika zhinji dzichiri kusimukira dzakapinda mairi, kunyange hazvo boka renyika dzakabudirira rine indasitiri yemishonga yakasimba richiramba richizeza.



Kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu kuchava kumwe kutariswa kwenhaurirano. Hondo muUkraine yakawedzera inflation yakakonzerwa nekukwira kwemitengo yechikafu nefetereza, uye musangano uyu unotarisirwa kutaurirana matanho ekurerutsira kuvharirwa kwechikafu kunze kwenyika uye kufambisa kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha izvi.



Nhaurirano munharaunda iyi dzakaoma nekuti kunyangwe Russia yakazviparadzanisa nenyika, iyo WTO nzira inotaura kuti chero chiyero chinofanira kutorwa nekubvumirana, izvo zvinoreva kuti nhengo yega yega (Russia zvakare inhengo yeWTO) ine veto, saka chero chibvumirano chinofanira kutorwa. kuverengerwa kuRussia.

Kukura kwepagore kwekukura kwekutengesa kwepasi rose kwekutengesa muna 2021 kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekudzikira kwekutengeserana kwenyika muna 2020. Nekuda kwechigadziko chakaderera, chikamu chechipiri che2021 chichawedzera ne22.0% gore negore, asi zvinotarisirwa kuti chikamu chechitatu nechina chichadonha kusvika gore negore kukura kwe10.9% uye 6.6%. Iyo WTO inotarisira kuti GDP yepasi rose ichakura ne5.3% muna 2021, yakakwira kupfuura 5.1% yekufungidzira muna Kurume gore rino. Pakazosvika 2022, kukura uku kunononoka kusvika 4.1%.



Parizvino, njodzi dzakaderera dzekutengeserana kwezvinhu zvepasirese dzichiri dzakanyanya kusimba, kusanganisira iyo yakasimba yepasirese yekugovera cheni uye mamiriro eiyo korona itsva pneumonia denda. Zvinotarisirwa kuti gaka redunhu mukudzokororwa kwekutengeserana kwepasi rose kwekutengesa richaramba rakakura. Muna 2021, kutengeswa kweAsia kuchawedzera ne9.4% pamusoro pe2019, nepo zvinotengeswa kubva kunyika dzisina kusimukira zvichadonha ne1.6%. Kutengeserana kwepasi rose mumasevhisi kunogona kusaririra kumashure kwekutengeserana kwezvinhu, kunyanya mumaindasitiri ane chekuita nekushanya nekutandara.



Kusagadzikana kukuru mukutengeserana kwepasi rose kwekutengesa kunobva kudenda. Iyo WTO yazvino yazvino fungidziro yekutengeserana kwepasi rose inotsamira pane akatevedzana efungidziro, kusanganisira kukurumidza kugadzirwa uye kugovera kwekudzivirira.

Zvitubu zvegasi chinhu chinoshamisa chekugadzira michina chinopa simba rinodzorwa uye rinofanotaurwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa. Nekushandisa gasi rakamanikidzwa kuchengetedza simba, zvitubu izvi zvinobvumira kusunungurwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kusina musono kwesimba. Kuchinja-chinja kwavo kwakakonzera kuti vabatanidzwe mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, anosanganisira emotokari, fenicha, nzvimbo yendege, yekurapa, neyemugungwa. Chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa mune aya maindasitiri 'anojairwa kushandiswa kwezvitubu zvegasi uye kujekesa mashandiro awo.


Indasitiri yemotokari inovimba zvakanyanya nezvitubu zvegasi nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakawanda. Zvitubu izvi zvinotsigira nekudzora mafambiro munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemotokari senge mahodhi, matrunk, magonhi nemahwindo. Semuenzaniso, zvitubu zvegasi zvinovimbisa kuti matrunk emotokari anogara akavhurika apo mitoro iri kutakurwa kana kuburutswa. Uyezve, ivo vanobatsira mukuvhura nekuvhara tailgates uye hood nekudzikisa huremu hunobatanidzwa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvitubu zvegasi zvinoshandiswa muzvigaro zvemotokari kuti zvipe zvinogadziriswa lumbar tsigiro, kuve nechokwadi chekunyaradza kwakanyanya kune vatyairi nevafambi.


Muindasitiri yefenicha, zvitubu zvegasi zvinoita basa rakakosha kufambisa mafambiro asingaite muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvefenicha. Semuyenzaniso, macheya emuhofisi anoshandisa zvitubu zvegasi pakureba kwezvigaro zvinochinjika uye zvinhu zvakatsamira, zvichiita kuti vanhu vagadzirise ruzivo rwavo rwekugara. Recliners zvakare inobatsira kubva kune aya zvitubu, zvichibvumira vashandisi kugadzirisa kona yebackrest kune zvavanoda. Uyezve, zvitubu zvegasi zvinowana application mumafuremu emubhedha, zvinonyatso kusimudza mattresses kuratidza yakavanzika nzvimbo yekuchengetera.


Mukati meindasitiri yemuchadenga, zvitubu zvegasi zvinobatsira pakutonga kwezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvendege. Izvo zvakakosha muzvigaro, zvinotakura zvinhu, uye pamusoro pemabhini ekugadzirisa nzira dzekuvhura nekuvhara. Uyezve, zvitubu izvi zvakabatanidzwa mugiya rekumhara, zvinotonga mafambiro emavhiri panguva yekusimuka nekumhara.


Indasitiri yezvokurapa inoziva kukosha kwezvitubu zvegasi mukupa rutsigiro uye kugona kufamba. Mumibhedha yezvokurapa, zvitubu zvegasi zvinobatsira varwere kugadzirisa kureba uye kona yemubhedha, vachiwedzera kunyaradza kwavo. Zvigaro zvemazino zvakare zvinobatsira kubva kune zvitubu zvegasi, kuve nechokwadi kuti varwere vanochengeta nzvimbo dzakagadzikana panguva yemazino maitiro.


Indasitiri yegungwa inobatanidza zvitubu zvegasi kutonga kufamba kwezvikepe zvakawanda uye zvikamu zvezvikepe. Hachi nemagonhi zvinotsamira pazvitubu izvi zvekusashanda uye kutsetseka kuvhura nekuvhara nzira. Zvakare, zvitubu zvegasi zvinoshandiswa kutsigira akasiyana marongero ezvigaro munzvimbo yekabhini.


Asi zvitubu zvegasi zvinoshanda sei chaizvo? Gasi rakadzvanywa, kazhinji nitrogen, rinoshandiswa kuchengetedza simba mukati mezvitubu izvi. Izvo zvinosanganisira silinda ine gasi rakamanikidzwa rakabatana nepiston. Kudzvanywa kwechitubu chegasi kunosanganisira kufambisa piston mucylinder, nekudaro kumanikidza gasi. Sezvineiwo, kuwedzera gasi chitubu kunokonzera kusunungurwa kwegasi, kupa simba rinodiwa.


Zvitubu zvegasi zvine mabhenefiti akati wandei pamusoro pechinyakare mechanicha zvitubu. Vanopa mafambiro akatsetseka uye anodzorwa zvakanyanya, anosimudzira kuita kwese. Uyezve, ivo vanogona kugadziridzwa kuti vaunze akasiyana mazinga esimba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshamisa. Pakupedzisira, vanozvirumbidza hupenyu hurefu kana vachienzaniswa nezvitubu zvechinyakare, zvichiratidza kuve sarudzo inodhura mukufamba kwenguva.


Mukupedzisa, zvitubu zvegasi zvakashandura huinjiniya nekupa mafambiro akatsetseka, anodzorwa uye nerutsigiro rwakasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Kugona kwavo kuchengetedza simba kuburikidza negasi rakamanikidzwa kwakavaita chinhu chakakosha mumotokari, fenicha, ndege, zvekurapa, uye zvemugungwa. Nekuwanda kwavo kwakanakira, zviri pachena kuti sei zvitubu zvegasi zvave zvakakosha mumaitiro emazuva ano einjiniya.

Kuisa gasi chitubu chivharo chetsigiro ibasa rakatwasuka kana iwe ukatevera matanho akakodzera. Gasi chitubu chivharo chinotsigira michina inosimudza uye inotsigira zvivharo kana magonhi, anowanzo shandiswa mune akasiyana maapplication semabhokisi ematoyi, makabati, uye zvipfuva zvekuchengetera. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa yakadzama gwara rekuti ungaisa nyore sei gasi chitubu chivharo chetsigiro uye nekupa mamwe matipi ekumisikidza kwakabudirira.


Danho 1: Unganidza Zvinodiwa Zvishandiso uye Zvishandiso


Kuti utange maitiro ekuisa, zvakakosha kuunganidza ese maturusi anodiwa uye zvinhu. Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira screwdriver, drill, drill bit, tepi kuyerwa, nhanho, uye gasi chitubu chivharo chinotsigira pachacho. Ita shuwa kuti une mhando chaiyo, saizi, uye kuyerwa kwehuremu kune yako chaiyo chivharo kana gonhi. Pamusoro pezvo, kana chivharo chako chakagadzirwa nematanda kana chinhu chakapfava, ungangoda screws, washers, uye nzungu. Kuve nematurusi ese anodiwa uye zvinhu paruoko kuchaita kuti nzira yekuisa ifambe zvakanaka.


Danho rechipiri: Edza Chivharo cheKutsigira


Usati wachera maburi kana kubatanidza chitubu chegasi, nyatsoyera saizi yevhavha yako uye huremu. Chiyero ichi chichabatsira kuona mhando yakakodzera uye saizi yegasi chitubu chivharo chetsigiro inodiwa. Kusarudza tsigiro inokwanisa kubata chivharo kana huremu hwegonhi kwakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka. Shandisa tepi measure kuona kureba nekufara kwechivharo, uye chikero kana huremu hwekuyeresa kuti uone huremu hwacho. Kutora zviyero chaizvo kunovimbisa kuti iwe unosarudza iyo chaiyo gasi chitubu chivharo chetsigiro kune yako chaiyo chivharo kana gonhi.


Nhanho 3: Isa iyo Gasi Chitubu paChivharo


Iyo gasi chitubu chivharo chinotsigira chinowanzo kuve nezvikamu zvitatu: silinda, piston, uye mabhuraketi. Humburumbira ndicho chikamu chesimbi chakareba, nepo piston iri humburumbira diki rinotsvedza muchubhu huru yesimbi. Mabhureki zvimedu zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa kubatanidza chitubu chegasi pachivharo kana gonhi. Kana uchinge waona iyo chaiyo gasi chitubu saizi uye uremu, unogona kuenderera mberi nekuisa silinda uye piston pachivharo.


Kuti uise chitubu chegesi nemazvo, shandisa mabhuraketi akapihwa nerutsigiro. Zviise kune rimwe divi rehumburumbira nepiston, wozozvibatanidza kuchivharo uchishandisa screws kana mabhaudhi. Matanidza screws kana mabhaudhi nehukuru hwakakodzera hwemabhureki uye zvivharo zvinhu. Ita shuwa yekuisa zvakachengeteka mabhureki kuchivharo, zvichibvumira kupfava kwekuwedzera uye kudzoreredza kwechitubu chegesi.


Nhanho 4: Isa iyo Gasi Chitubu paKabati kana Frame


Mushure mekubatanidza gasi chitubu chivharo chitsigiro kuchivharo, enderera mberi nekuchiisa pane kabati kana furemu. Zvakare, shandisa mabhurakete kuchengetedza gasi chitubu kune furemu kana kabati. Isa mabhuraketi nemazvo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuenzana kwakakodzera kwevhavha. Shandisa screws kana mabhaudhi kuti ubatanidze mabhureki zvakachengeteka kune furemu kana kabati. Tarisa kaviri kuti zvese zvakabatana uye zvakasimbiswa nemazvo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti gasi chitubu chinoshanda nemazvo.


Nhanho 5: Edza iyo Gasi Spring Lid Tsigiro


Kana gasi chitubu chivharo chetsigiro chaiswa, zvakakosha kuti uedze kushanda kwayo. Vhura uye uvhare chivharo kakawanda kuti uone kushanda kwakakodzera kwekutsigirwa. Kana chivharo chikavhura kana kuvhara zvishoma nezvishoma kana nekukurumidza, kana chivharo chikavharika, kugadzirisa kune gasi chitubu kana mabhuraketi kungave kuri madikanwa. Kuwana chiyero chakakodzera chevhavha kungangoda kumwe kuedza uye kukanganisa, saka iva nemoyo murefu panguva iyi.


Nekutevera iyi nhanho-ne-nhanho mirairo, kuisa gasi chitubu chivharo chetsigiro inova basa-risina dambudziko. Chivharo chetsigiro hachingoita kuti zvive nyore kuvhura nekuvhara mavharo anorema kana magonhi asi zvakare inodzivirira zviri mukati nekudzivirira kuvharika kwevhavha. Rangarira kugara uchitevera mirairo yemugadziri uye sarudza saizi chaiyo uye kuyerwa kwehuremu hwechitubu chako chegasi. Kana ukasangana nematambudziko, usazeza kutsvaga rubatsiro rwenyanzvi kana kubata mugadziri. Nekushivirira kudiki uye kutarisisa kune zvakadzama, iwe unenge uine yakanyatsoiswa gasi chitubu chivharo chetsigiro chinoita kuti kuwana zvinhu zvako kuve nemhepo.