Amathrendi ayisikhombisa okusetshenziswa kwabantu abasha baseShayina abazalwa ngeminyaka yama-90s:




Okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa okugxile ocwaningweni kuhamba phambili, futhi abasanda kuhlanganyela emphakathini bangochwepheshe ekuphishekeleni ukuphumelela kwezindleko;


Okwesibili, impilo yemikhiqizo yasekhaya, ukwamukelwa kwemikhiqizo yasekhaya kanye nomdlandla wokusetshenziswa ngabasanda kufika emphakathini kuphakeme ngendlela engakaze ibonwe;


Okwesithathu, ukugqoka okubucayi kakhulu okungathandwa kakhulu, ukugqoka okungajwayelekile nokujwayelekile kwama-post-90s emsebenzini;


Okwesine, ukusetshenziswa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okulwa nokuguga kuba kuncane, futhi abasanda kuzalwa emphakathini wangemva kweminyaka engama-90 abesabi ukufa kodwa ukuguga;


Okwesihlanu, akukho mingcele ekusetshenzisweni okuhambisanayo. Abasanda kufika emphakathini wanamuhla abaceli kokubili izingane namakati nezinja;


Okwesithupha, imiphumela yezithombe nosaziwayo be-inthanethi iba buthaka, futhi abasanda kufika emphakathini bazimisele kakhulu ukukholelwa ekubuyekezweni kwangempela kwabasebenzisi;


Okwesikhombisa, inani lokuthenga okukodwa liyancipha, imvamisa yokuthenga iyakhuphuka, futhi izinga lokuthenga kabusha liyakhuphuka.




Ngokwalo mbiko, singapenda izithombe ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zabathengi abangaba khona embonini yamanje yefenisha yasekhaya.




1. "Abafundi abaneziqu ezonga imali" bayahamba bayathenga, futhi bazimisele ngokuqhubekayo nokukhetha imikhiqizo eyongayo ephuma kuxhaxha lemikhiqizo ebabazekayo;




2. "Abadlali abacebile mbumbulu" banemali emaphakathi, futhi bayaphana emibuthanweni yabo yezenhlalo ngenxa yenhlonipho;




3. Abaqashi "Izintuthwane Ezintsha" emadolobheni esigaba sokuqala abanazo izindlu ezigxilile futhi bathanda ukuthenga imikhiqizo okulula ukuyithatha noma elahlekelwe izinhliziyo zabo;




4. "Inani labantu lasemsebenzini elingavamile" lisho abantu abangemva kweminyaka engama-90 abakhuthaza ukuhlukana kwabo, futhi bavame ukudlala ngamathrendi;

Ngokombiko we-Efe ngoJuni 12, iNgqungquthela Yongqongqoshe Ye-12 yeNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (WTO) yavulwa ngomhlaka-12. Umhlangano wawunethemba lokufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngezokudoba, amalungelo amasha okugomela umqhele kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla, kodwa futhi ukhathazekile ngokungezwani kwezwe Isimo singahlukanisa umhlaba ube yizindikimba ezimbili zokuhweba.



UMqondisi-Jikelele we-WTO uNgozi Okonjo-Iweala uxwayise emcimbini wokuvula ukuthi impi yase-Ukraine, ukungezwani kwezomnotho phakathi kwamandla amakhulu kanye nokwehluleka kwamalungu e-WTO ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni esikhulu iminyaka eminingana kwenze ukuhweba okusha. "Impi Yomshoshaphansi" iyaduma futhi.



Uxwayise: "Ukwehlukana phakathi kwezindawo zohwebo kungasho ukwehla ngo-5% ku-GDP yomhlaba."



Umhlangano wongqongqoshe be-WTO uvamise ukuba njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, kodwa awukaze ubanjwe cishe iminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ezizayo, iseshini izofuna ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngezindaba ezinjengokumisa okwesikhashana amalungelo obunikazi emithini yokugoma emisha ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhiqizwa komgomo emazweni asathuthuka.



I-India neNingizimu Afrika bahlongoze lesi siphakamiso kusukela ngo-2020, futhi amazwe amaningi asathuthuka asijoyine, nakuba iqoqo lamazwe athuthukile anemboni eqinile yezokwenziwa kwemithi lisalokhu linqikaza.



Ukuvikeleka kokudla kuzoba okunye okugxilwe kukho kwezingxoxo. Impi yase-Ukraine ikhulise ukwehla kwamandla emali okubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yokudla kanye nomanyolo, futhi iseshini kulindeleke ukuthi ixoxisane ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kokudla ngaphandle futhi kube lula ukufinyelela kulezi zimpahla ezibalulekile.



Izingxoxo kule ndawo zinobuqili ngoba naphezu kokuzihlukanisa kweRussia nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe, indlela ye-WTO ithi noma iyiphi indlela kufanele yamukelwe ngokuvumelana, okusho ukuthi ilungu ngalinye (iRussia nayo iyilungu le-WTO) ine-veto, ngakho-ke i-Noma iyiphi i-deal kumele ithathwe. kubalwe eRussia.

Izinga eliphezulu lokukhula konyaka lokuhwebelana kwempahla emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021 kungenxa yokwehla kokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke ngo-2020. Ngenxa yesisekelo esiphansi, ikota yesibili ka-2021 izokhula ngo-22.0% unyaka nonyaka, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu neyesine yehle ikhule unyaka nonyaka ngo-10.9% no-6.6%. I-WTO ilindele ukuthi i-GDP yomhlaba wonke ikhule ngo-5.3% ngo-2021, ephakeme kunesibikezelo esingu-5.1% sangoMashi kulo nyaka. Ngo-2022, leli zinga lokukhula lizokwehla lifinyelele ku-4.1%.



Njengamanje, ubungozi bokuhwebelana ngempahla emhlabeni zisagqama kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuqiniswa kweketango lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke kanye nesimo sobhubhane olusha lwenyumoniya. Kulindeleke ukuthi igebe lesifunda ekuhwebeni kabusha kokuhwebelana kwempahla emhlabeni lihlale lilikhulu. Ngo-2021, ukuthengwa kwempahla yase-Asia kuzokwenyuka ngo-9.4% ngonyaka wezi-2019, kanti ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe okuvela emazweni athuthukile kancane kuzokwehla ngo-1.6%. Ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke ngezinkonzo kungase kusalele emuva ukuhweba ngezimpahla, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezihlobene nezokuvakasha nezokungcebeleka.



Ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ekuhwebeni kwempahla yomhlaba wonke kuvela kulo bhubhane. Isibikezelo esiphezulu samanje se-WTO sohwebo lwempahla yomhlaba wonke sincike ochungechungeni lokuqagela, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo nokusatshalaliswa kwemithi yokugoma.

Iziphethu zegesi ziwukuqamba okusha okumangalisayo okunikeza amandla alawulwayo futhi angabikezelwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa igesi ecindezelwe ukugcina amandla, lezi ziphethu zivumela ukudedelwa kwamandla kancane kancane nangokungenamthungo. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kuholele ekuhlanganisweni kwazo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ezezimoto, ifenisha, indawo yezindiza, ezokwelapha nezolwandle. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwalezi zimboni zeziphethu zegesi futhi sikhanyisele ukusebenza kwazo.


Imboni yezimoto incike kakhulu eziphethwini zegesi ngezinhloso eziningi. Lezi ziphethu zisekela futhi zilawule ukunyakaza ezingxenyeni zezimoto ezihlukahlukene njengama-hood, ama-trunk, iminyango namafasitela. Isibonelo, iziphethu zegesi ziqinisekisa ukuthi iziqu zemoto zihlala zivulekile ngenkathi impahla ilayishwa noma ithululwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basiza ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni ama-tailgate nama-hood ngokunciphisa isisindo esihilelekile. Ukwengeza, iziphethu zegesi zisetshenziswa ezihlalweni zemoto ukuze zinikeze ukwesekwa kwe-lumbar okuguquguqukayo, ukuqinisekisa ukunethezeka okuphelele kwabashayeli nabagibeli.


Embonini yefenisha, iziphethu zegesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukunyakaza okungenamsebenzi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zefenisha. Isibonelo, izihlalo zamahhovisi zisebenzisa iziphethu zegesi ukuze zilungise ubude bezihlalo nezici zokuhlenga, okuvumela abantu ukuba benze ngokwezifiso umuzwa wabo wokuhlala. Ama-recliners nawo ayazuza kulezi ziphethu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balungise i-engeli ye-backrest ngokuthanda kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphethu zegesi zithola ukusebenza kumafreyimu ombhede, ziphakamisa kahle omatilasi ukuze ziveze indawo yokugcina efihliwe.


Ngaphakathi embonini ye-aerospace, imithombo yegesi inesandla ekulawuleni izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezindiza. Zibalulekile ezihlalweni, indawo yokubeka impahla, kanye nemigqomo engaphezulu ukuze ulawule izindlela zokuvula nokuvala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi ziphethu zibalulekile egiyeni lokubeka phansi, elilawula ukunyakaza kwamasondo ngesikhathi sokusuka nokuhla.


Imboni yezokwelapha iyalibona inani lemithombo yegesi ekunikezeni ukwesekwa namandla okunyakaza. Emibhedeni yezokwelapha, iziphethu zegesi zisiza iziguli ekulungiseni ubude ne-engeli yombhede, zithuthukise ukunethezeka kwazo. Izihlalo zodokotela bamazinyo nazo ziyazuza emithonjeni yegesi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zigcina izikhundla ezinethezekile phakathi nezinqubo zamazinyo.


Imboni yasolwandle ihlanganisa imithombo yegesi ukuze ilawule ukuhamba kwezingxenye zemikhumbi eminingi nezikebhe. Amachashazi nezicabha kuncike kulezi ziphethu ukuthola izindlela zokuvula nokuvala ezingenamandla nezibushelelezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphethu zegesi zisetshenziselwa ukusekela amalungiselelo ezihlalo ahlukahlukene endaweni yekhabethe.


Kodwa zisebenza kanjani ngempela iziphethu zegesi? Igesi ecindezelwe, ngokuvamile i-nitrogen, isetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla phakathi kwalezi ziphethu. Ahlanganisa isilinda esiqukethe igesi ecindezelwe exhunywe kuphiston. Ukucindezelwa kwesiphethu segesi kuhilela ukuhambisa i-piston kusilinda, ngaleyo ndlela ucindezela igesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwandisa i-gas spring kubangela ukukhululwa kwegesi, ukunikeza amandla adingekayo.


Iziphethu zegesi zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwemithombo yendabuko eyimishini. Banikeza ukunyakaza okushelelayo nokulawulwayo, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingalungiswa ukuze zilethe amazinga wamandla ahlukahlukene, okuwenza aguquguquke ngendlela emangalisayo. Ekugcineni, baziqhayisa isikhathi eside sokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa neziphethu zendabuko, okubonisa ukuthi kuyisinqumo esingabizi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.


Sengiphetha, iziphethu zegesi ziguqule ubunjiniyela ngokunikeza ukunyakaza okushelelayo, okulawulwayo nokusekelwa okuhlukahlukene ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ikhono labo lokugcina amandla ngegesi ecindezelweyo libenze baba ingxenye ebalulekile kwezezimoto, ifenisha, indawo yezindiza, ezokwelashwa, nezasolwandle. Ngobuningi bezinzuzo zazo, kusobala ukuthi kungani iziphethu zegesi sezibaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yesimanje yobunjiniyela.

Ukufaka isivalo sesivalo se-gas spring kuwumsebenzi oqondile uma ulandela izinyathelo ezifanele. Izisekelo zezivalo zentwasahlobo yegesi ziyimishini ephakamisa futhi isekele izivalo noma iminyango, evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene njengamabhokisi amathoyizi, amakhabethe, nezifuba zokugcina. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza umhlahlandlela onemininingwane yokuthi ungafaka kanjani kalula isivalo se-gas spring lid futhi unikeze amathiphu engeziwe okufakwa ngempumelelo.


Isinyathelo 1: Qoqa Amathuluzi Nezinto Ezidingekayo


Ukuze uqale inqubo yokufaka, kubalulekile ukuqoqa wonke amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kufaka i-screwdriver, i-drill, i-drill bit, i-tape measure, ileveli, kanye nezisekelo zesivalo se-gas spring uqobo. Qinisekisa ukuthi unohlobo olulungile, usayizi, kanye nesisindo sesembozo sakho esithile noma umnyango. Ukwengeza, uma isivalo sakho senziwe ngokhuni noma into ethambile, ungase udinge izikulufu, amawasha, namantongomane. Ukuba nawo wonke amathuluzi nezinto ezidingekayo esandleni kuzokwenza inqubo yokufaka ihambe kahle.


Isinyathelo sesi-2: Kala Isivalo Sosekelo


Ngaphambi kokubhoboza noma yiziphi izimbobo noma ukunamathisela isiphethu segesi, kala ngokunembile usayizi wesivalo sakho nesisindo. Lesi silinganiso sizosiza ekunqumeni uhlobo olufanele nosayizi wokusekelwa kwesivalo se-gas spring esidingekayo. Ukukhetha isekelo elikwazi ukuphatha isivalo noma isisindo somnyango kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle. Sebenzisa iteyiphu yokukala ukuze unqume ubude nobubanzi besivalo, kanye nesikali noma ithuluzi lokulinganisa isisindo ukuze unqume isisindo saso. Ukuthatha izilinganiso eziqondile kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukhetha usekelo olufanele lwesivalo se-gas spring sesivalo sakho esithile noma umnyango.


Isinyathelo sesi-3: Faka i-Gas Spring ku-Lid


Ukusekelwa kwesivalo se-gas spring ngokuvamile siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: isilinda, i-piston, nabakaki. Isilinda siyingxenye yensimbi ende, kanti ipiston iyisilinda esincane esislayida eshubhuni elikhulu lensimbi. Abakaki yizicucu zensimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukunamathisela isiphethu segesi esivalweni noma emnyango. Uma usunqume usayizi olungile wentwasahlobo yegesi nesisindo, ungaqhubeka nokufaka isilinda nepiston esivalweni.


Ukuze ukhweze isiphethu segesi ngendlela efanele, sebenzisa abakaki abahlinzekwe ngokusekelwa. Wabeke nhlangothi zombili zesilinda nepiston, bese uwanamathisela esivalweni usebenzisa izikulufu ezifanele noma amabhawudi. Qondanisa izikulufu noma amabhawodi nosayizi olungile wabakaki nokokusebenza kwesivalo. Qinisekisa ukuthi unamathisele ngokuphephile abakaki esivalweni, okuvumela ukunwetshwa okushelelayo nokuhlehla kwesiphethu segesi.


Isinyathelo sesi-4: Faka i-Gas Spring kuKhabhinethi noma Uhlaka


Ngemva kokunamathisela isivalo se-gas spring lid esivalweni, qhubeka usikhweze phezu kwekhabhinethi noma ifreyimu. Futhi, sebenzisa amabakaki ukuze uvikele isiphethu segesi kuhlaka noma iKhabhinethi. Misa abakaki ngendlela efanele ukuze uqinisekise ukulingana okufanele kwesivalo. Sebenzisa izikulufu noma amabhawodi ukuze unamathisele abakaki ngokuphephile kuhlaka noma kukhabethe. Hlola kabili ukuthi yonke into iqondaniswe futhi iqiniswe kahle ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isiphethu segesi sisebenza kahle.


Isinyathelo sesi-5: Hlola Ukusekela Kwesivalo Se-Gas Spring


Uma isivalo sesivalo segesi sesifakiwe, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwaso. Vula futhi uvale isivalo izikhathi eziningana ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kosekelo. Uma isivalo sivuleka noma sivaleka kancane kakhulu noma ngokushesha, noma uma isivalo sivaleka, kungase kudingeke ukulungiswa kwesiphethu segesi noma kubakaki. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanelekile yesivalo kungase kudinge ukuzama kanye nephutha, ngakho-ke yiba nesineke phakathi nale nqubo.


Ngokulandela le miyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukufaka isivalo se-gas spring lid kuba umsebenzi ongenazo izinkinga. Ukusekela kwesivalo akugcini nje ngokwenza kube lula ukuvula nokuvala izivalo ezisindayo noma izicabha kodwa futhi kuvikela okuqukethwe ngaphakathi ngokuvimbela ukuvalwa kwezivalo kungazelelwe. Khumbula njalo ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi bese ukhetha usayizi olungile kanye nesisindo sokulinganisa kwegesi yakho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma ibuphi ubunzima, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe noma uxhumane nomkhiqizi. Ngokubekezela okuncane nokunaka imininingwane, uzoba nesivalo segesi esifakwe kahle esizokwenza ukufinyelela kumpahla yakho kube nomoya oshisayo.