Zizolowezi zisanu ndi ziwiri za anthu obwera kumene ku China obadwa m'ma 90s:




Choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wofufuza ndizomwe zikutsogolera, ndipo obwera kumene m'gululi ndi akatswiri pofunafuna ndalama;


Chachiwiri, moyo wa zinthu zapakhomo, kuvomereza kwa zinthu zapakhomo komanso chidwi chofuna kudya ndi anthu obwera kumene m’gulu la anthu ndi okwera kwambiri kuposa kale lonse;


Chachitatu, chovuta kwambiri chomwe sichimakonda kwambiri, kuvala kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kwanthawi yayitali pambuyo pa 90s pantchito;


Chachinayi, kugwiritsira ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala odana ndi ukalamba kukukula, ndipo obadwa kumene m'zaka za m'ma 90 saopa imfa koma ukalamba;


Chachisanu, palibe zoletsa zotsatizana nazo. Obwera kumene m’chitaganya chamakono samapempha onse aŵiri ana ndi amphaka ndi agalu;


Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, zotsatira za mafano ndi anthu otchuka pa intaneti zimafooka, ndipo obwera kumene m'deralo ali okonzeka kukhulupirira ndemanga zenizeni za ogwiritsa ntchito;


Zisanu ndi ziwiri, mtengo wogula kamodzi umachepa, kuchuluka kwa zogula kumawonjezeka, ndipo mtengo wogulanso ukuwonjezeka.




Malinga ndi lipotili, titha kujambula zithunzi zingapo za anthu omwe angakhale ogula pamsika wamakono wapanyumba.




1. "Ophunzira omaliza maphunziro opulumutsa ndalama" amagula zinthu mozungulira, ndipo amafunitsitsa kusankha mosalekeza zinthu zotsika mtengo kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri zowoneka bwino;




2. "Osewera olemera abodza" amapeza ndalama zambiri, ndipo amakhala owolowa manja m'magulu awo chifukwa cha ulemu;




3. Ochita lendi "New Ants" m'mizinda yoyamba alibe nyumba zokhazikika ndipo amakonda kugula zinthu zosavuta kuchotsa kapena kutaya mtima;




4. "Chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito mopanda tsankho" amatanthauza anthu omwe ali ndi zaka za m'ma 90 omwe amalimbikitsa umunthu payekha, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasewera ndi machitidwe;

Malinga ndi lipoti la Efe pa June 12, Msonkhano wa Utumiki wa 12 wa World Trade Organization (WTO) unatsegulidwa pa 12th. Msonkhanowo unkayembekezera kuti ugwirizane pa zausodzi, katemera watsopano wa korona ufulu wanzeru zaumwini ndi chitetezo cha chakudya, komanso nkhawa za mikangano ya geopolitical Mkhalidwe ukhoza kugawanitsa dziko lapansi m'magulu awiri ogulitsa malonda.



Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa WTO Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala anachenjeza pamwambo wotsegulira kuti nkhondo ya ku Ukraine, mikangano yachuma pakati pa maulamuliro akuluakulu ndi kulephera kwa mamembala a WTO kukwaniritsa mgwirizano waukulu kwa zaka zingapo zapangitsa kuti malonda atsopano awonongeke. "Cold War" ikuyambanso.



Anachenjeza kuti: "Kugawika m'magulu azamalonda kungatanthauze kutsika kwa 5% pa GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi."



Msonkhano wa nduna za WTO nthawi zambiri umachitika zaka ziwiri zilizonse, koma sunachitike pafupifupi zaka zisanu chifukwa cha zovuta za mliriwu. M'masiku atatu otsatirawa, gawoli lidzafuna kukwaniritsa mgwirizano pazinthu monga kuyimitsa kwakanthawi ma patent pa katemera watsopano wa korona kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga katemera m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.



India ndi South Africa adapereka lingaliroli kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2020, ndipo mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene adalowa nawo, ngakhale kuti gulu la mayiko otukuka omwe ali ndi makampani opanga mankhwala amphamvu akukayikirabe.



Chitetezo cha chakudya chidzakhala cholinga chinanso chokambirana. Nkhondo ku Ukraine yakulitsa kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo yazakudya ndi feteleza, ndipo gawoli likuyembekezeka kukambirana njira zochepetsera kutsekeka kwa chakudya chotumizidwa kunja ndikuthandizira kupeza zinthu zofunikazi.



Kukambitsirana m'derali ndi lachinyengo chifukwa ngakhale Russia kudzipatula ku mayiko, ndi WTO limagwirira limati muyeso aliyense ayenera kutengera ndi mgwirizano, kutanthauza kuti membala aliyense (Russia ndi membala wa WTO) ali ndi veto, kotero mgwirizano uliwonse ayenera. kuwerengedwa ku Russia.

Kukula kwakukulu kwapachaka kwa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi mu 2021 makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malonda padziko lonse lapansi mu 2020. Chifukwa chochepa, gawo lachiwiri la 2021 lidzawonjezeka ndi 22.0% chaka ndi chaka, koma akuyembekezeka kuti gawo lachitatu ndi lachinayi lidzatsika mpaka chaka ndi chaka kukula kwa 10.9% ndi 6.6%. WTO ikuyembekeza kuti GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi ikukula ndi 5.3% mu 2021, kuposa momwe zimaneneratu 5.1% mu Marichi chaka chino. Pofika 2022, chiwonjezekochi chidzatsika mpaka 4.1%.



Pakalipano, kuopsa kwa malonda a malonda a padziko lonse kudakali koonekera kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndi momwe mliri wa chibayo watsopano wa korona ulili. Zikuyembekezeka kuti kusiyana kwachigawo pakubweza kwa malonda a malonda padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala kwakukulu. Mu 2021, katundu waku Asia adzakwera ndi 9.4% kuposa chaka cha 2019, pomwe zotuluka kuchokera kumaiko osatukuka kwambiri zidzatsika ndi 1.6%. Malonda apadziko lonse lapansi atha kutsalira m'mbuyo pa malonda a katundu, makamaka m'mafakitale okhudzana ndi zokopa alendo ndi zosangalatsa.



Kusatsimikizika kwakukulu pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi kumachokera ku mliri. Kuneneratu kwaposachedwa kwaposachedwa kwa WTO pazamalonda padziko lonse lapansi kumatengera malingaliro angapo, kuphatikiza kupanga ndi kugawa kwa katemera.

Akasupe a gasi ndi njira yodabwitsa yamakina yomwe imapereka mphamvu zoyendetsedwa ndi zodziwikiratu pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito gasi woponderezedwa kuti asunge mphamvu, akasupewa amalola kutulutsa mphamvu pang'onopang'ono komanso mopanda msoko. Kusinthasintha kwawo kwapangitsa kuti alowe m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magalimoto, mipando, mlengalenga, zamankhwala, ndi apanyanja. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momwe mafakitalewa amagwiritsira ntchito akasupe a gasi ndikuwunikira momwe amagwirira ntchito.


Makampani opanga magalimoto amadalira kwambiri akasupe a gasi pazifukwa zambiri. Akasupewa amathandizira ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka magalimoto osiyanasiyana monga ma hood, thunthu, zitseko, ndi mazenera. Mwachitsanzo, akasupe a gasi amaonetsetsa kuti mitengo ikuluikulu yagalimoto imakhala yotseguka pomwe katundu akukwezedwa kapena kutsitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kutsegula ndi kutseka ma tailgates ndi ma hood pochepetsa kulemera komwe kumakhudzidwa. Kuonjezera apo, akasupe a gasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamipando yamagalimoto kuti apereke chithandizo chosinthika cha lumbar, kuonetsetsa chitonthozo choyenera kwa oyendetsa ndi okwera.


M'makampani amipando, akasupe a gasi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandizira kusuntha kosasunthika m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana za mipando. Mwachitsanzo, mipando ya m'maofesi imagwiritsa ntchito akasupe a gasi kuti azitha kusinthasintha kutalika kwa mipando ndi malo okhalamo, zomwe zimathandiza anthu kuti azisintha momwe angakhalire. Recliners amapindulanso ndi akasupe awa, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha mbali ya backrest malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Kuphatikiza apo, akasupe a gasi amapeza ntchito m'mafelemu a bedi, kukweza bwino matiresi kuti awulule malo osungira obisika.


M'makampani opanga ndege, akasupe a gasi amathandizira kuwongolera magawo osiyanasiyana a ndege. Ndiofunikira pamipando, zosungiramo katundu, ndi nkhokwe zam'mwamba kuti muzitha kutsegula ndi kutseka njira. Kuphatikiza apo, akasupewa ndi ofunikira pa zida zotera, zomwe zimayang'anira kayendetsedwe ka mawilo pakunyamuka ndi kutera.


Makampani azachipatala amazindikira kufunika kwa akasupe a gasi popereka chithandizo ndi kuthekera kwakuyenda. M'mabedi azachipatala, akasupe a mpweya amathandiza odwala kusintha kutalika ndi kutalika kwa bedi, kupititsa patsogolo chitonthozo chawo. Mipando ya mano imapindulanso ndi akasupe a gasi, kuwonetsetsa kuti odwala amakhala ndi malo abwino panthawi yopangira mano.


Makampani apanyanja amaphatikiza akasupe a gasi kuti azilamulira kayendedwe ka zombo zambiri ndi zida za ngalawa. Zitseko ndi zitseko zimadalira akasupe awa kuti azitsegula ndi kutseka njira zosavuta komanso zosalala. Kuphatikiza apo, akasupe a gasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira magawo osiyanasiyana okhala m'malo opangira kanyumba.


Koma kodi akasupe a gasi amagwira ntchito bwanji? Gasi woponderezedwa, nthawi zambiri nayitrogeni, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga mphamvu mkati mwa akasupe awa. Amakhala ndi silinda yomwe imakhala ndi mpweya woponderezedwa womwe umalumikizidwa ndi pisitoni. Kuponderezedwa kwa kasupe wa gasi kumaphatikizapo kusuntha pisitoni mu silinda, potero kukanikiza mpweya. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukulitsa kasupe wa gasi kumapangitsa kuti mpweya utuluke, kupereka mphamvu yofunikira.


Akasupe a gasi ali ndi maubwino angapo kuposa akasupe azikhalidwe zamakina. Amapereka mayendedwe osavuta komanso owongolera, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kusinthidwa kuti apereke magawo osiyanasiyana amphamvu, kuwapangitsa kukhala osunthika modabwitsa. Pomaliza, amadzitamandira nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi akasupe achikhalidwe, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndizosankha zotsika mtengo pakapita nthawi.


Pomaliza, akasupe a gasi asintha uinjiniya popereka mayendedwe osalala, owongolera komanso chithandizo chosunthika m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kutha kwawo kusunga mphamvu kudzera mu gasi woponderezedwa kwawapanga kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto, mipando, zakuthambo, zamankhwala, ndi zapamadzi. Ndi ubwino wake wambiri, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake akasupe a gasi akhala ofunikira kwambiri muzochita zamakono zamakono.

Kuyika chivundikiro cha chivundikiro cha gasi ndi ntchito yolunjika ngati mutsatira njira zolondola. Zothandizira zopangira chivundikiro cha gasi ndi zida zamakina zomwe zimakweza ndikuthandizira zivindikiro kapena zitseko, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mabokosi azoseweretsa, makabati, ndi zifuwa zosungira. Nkhaniyi ipereka chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane chamomwe mungayikitsire mosavuta chivundikiro cha gasi kasupe ndikupereka malangizo owonjezera pakuyika bwino.


Gawo 1: Sonkhanitsani Zida ndi Zida Zofunikira


Kuti muyambe kuyika, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zida ndi zida zonse zofunika. Izi zimaphatikizapo screwdriver, kubowola, kubowola pang'ono, tepi muyeso, mulingo, ndi chivundikiro cha gasi chothandizira chokha. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi mtundu wolondola, kukula, ndi kulemera kwa chivindikiro kapena chitseko chanu. Kuonjezera apo, ngati chivindikiro chanu chapangidwa ndi matabwa kapena zinthu zofewa, mungafunike zomangira, zochapira, ndi mtedza. Kukhala ndi zida zonse zofunikira ndi zida zomwe zili pamanja zidzapangitsa kuti kuyikako kuyende bwino.


Khwerero 2: Yezerani Chivundikiro Chothandizira


Musanabowole mabowo kapena kulumikiza kasupe wa gasi, yesani molondola kukula ndi kulemera kwa chivindikiro chanu. Kuyeza uku kudzakuthandizani kudziwa mtundu woyenera ndi kukula kwa chithandizo cha chivundikiro cha gasi chomwe chikufunika. Kusankha chothandizira chomwe chingathe kunyamula chivindikiro kapena kulemera kwa chitseko n'kofunika kwambiri kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Gwiritsani ntchito tepi muyeso kuti mudziwe kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa chivindikirocho, ndi sikelo kapena chida choyezera kulemera kwake kuti mudziwe kulemera kwake. Kutenga miyeso yolondola kudzatsimikizira kuti mwasankha chothandizira chotchingira cha gasi chomwe chili ndi chivindikiro kapena chitseko chanu.


Khwerero 3: Kwezani Gasi Spring pa Lid


Chivundikiro cha chivundikiro cha gasi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi magawo atatu: silinda, pistoni, ndi mabulaketi. Silinda ndi gawo lachitsulo lalitali, pomwe pisitoni ndi silinda yaying'ono yomwe imalowa mu chubu chachikulu chachitsulo. Mabulaketi ndi zidutswa zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira kasupe wa gasi pachivundikiro kapena chitseko. Mukazindikira kukula ndi kulemera kwake kwa gasi, mutha kupitiliza kuyika silinda ndi pisitoni pachivundikirocho.


Kuti muyike kasupe wa gasi moyenera, gwiritsani ntchito mabatani operekedwa ndi chithandizo. Ayikeni mbali zonse za silinda ndi pisitoni, kenaka amangirireni pachivundikirocho pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zoyenera kapena mabawuti. Fananizani zomangira kapena mabawuti ndi kukula koyenera kwa mabulaketi ndi zida zomangira. Onetsetsani kuti mumangirira mabokosiwo pachivundikirocho, kuti muwonjezeke bwino ndikuchotsa kasupe wa gasi.


Khwerero 4: Kwezani Chitsime cha Gasi pa nduna kapena chimango


Mukatha kuyika chivundikiro cha chivundikiro cha gasi pachivundikirocho, pitilizani kuyiyika pa kabati kapena chimango. Apanso, gwiritsani ntchito mabatani kuti muteteze kasupe wa gasi ku chimango kapena kabati. Ikani m'mabulaketi moyenera kuti chivundikirocho chikhale chofanana. Gwiritsani ntchito zomangira kapena mabawuti kuti mumangirire mabulaketi motetezeka ku chimango kapena kabati. Yang'anani kawiri kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino ndikumangika bwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti kasupe wa gasi akugwira ntchito bwino.


Khwerero 5: Yesani Chithandizo cha Chivundikiro cha Gasi


Mukayika chivundikiro cha chivundikiro cha gasi, ndikofunikira kuyesa magwiridwe antchito ake. Tsegulani ndi kutseka chivindikirocho kangapo kuti muwonetsetse kuti chithandizocho chikuyenda bwino. Ngati chivindikirocho chitseguka kapena kutseka pang'onopang'ono kapena mofulumira kwambiri, kapena ngati chivindikirocho chikutseka, kusintha kwa kasupe wa gasi kapena mabulaketi kungakhale kofunikira. Kupeza chivundikiro choyenera kungafunikire kuyesa ndi zolakwika, choncho khalani oleza mtima panthawiyi.


Potsatira malangizo awa pang'onopang'ono, kukhazikitsa chithandizo cha chivundikiro cha gasi kumakhala ntchito yopanda mavuto. Kuthandizira kwa chivindikiro sikumangopangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutsegula ndi kutseka zitseko zolemera kapena zitseko komanso kumateteza zomwe zili mkati mwa kupewa kutseka kwadzidzidzi. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zonse muzitsatira malangizo a wopanga ndikusankha kukula koyenera ndi kulemera kwa gasi wanu. Ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta zilizonse, musazengereze kupeza thandizo la akatswiri kapena kulumikizana ndi wopanga. Ndi kuleza mtima pang'ono komanso kusamala mwatsatanetsatane, mudzakhala ndi chivundikiro cha gasi choyika bwino chomwe chingapangitse kupeza zinthu zanu kukhala kamphepo.