Iindlela ezisixhenxe zokusetyenziswa kwabatsha baseTshayina abazalwe kwi-90s:




Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuphando kukukhokela, kwaye abantu abatsha kuluntu baziingcali ekufuneni indleko-ngempumelelo;


Okwesibini, ubomi beemveliso zasekhaya, ukwamkelwa kweemveliso zasekhaya kunye nentshiseko yokusetyenziswa kwabantu abatsha kuluntu kuphezulu ngokungakaze kwenzeke;


Okwesithathu, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukungathandwa, ukunxitywa kwe-post-90s emva kwexesha lomsebenzi;


Okwesine, ukusetyenziswa kokhathalelo lwezempilo oluchasayo luba luncinci, kwaye abatsha abazalwe kwi-post-90s yoluntu abayikoyiki ukufa kodwa ukuguga;


Okwesihlanu, akukho zithintelo ekusebenziseni okukhaphayo. Abantu abatsha kuluntu lwanamhlanje abaceli zombini abantwana kunye neekati kunye nezinja;


Okwesithandathu, imiphumo yezithixo kunye nabadumileyo be-Intanethi babuthathaka, kwaye abatsha kuluntu bazimisele ukukholelwa ekuphononongeni kwangempela kwabasebenzisi;


Isixhenxe, ixabiso lokuthenga okukodwa liyancipha, ukuphindaphinda kokuthengwa kwenyuka, kwaye izinga lokuthenga kwakhona liyenyuka.




Ngokwale ngxelo, sinokupeyinta imizobo emininzi eqhelekileyo yabathengi abanokubakho kushishino lwangoku lwefenitshala yasekhaya.




1. "Abafundi abathweswe izidanga ezonga imali" baya kuthenga ngeenxa zonke, kwaye banomdla wokuthe gqolo ukukhetha ezona mveliso zinexabiso eliphantsi ukusuka kuluhlu lweemveliso eziqaqambileyo;




2. "Abadlali abazizityebi bobuxoki" banomvuzo ophakathi, kwaye banesisa kwizangqa zabo zentlalo ngenxa yesidima;




3. "Iimbovane eziNtsha" kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala azinamakhaya azinzileyo kwaye bathanda ukuthenga iimveliso ekulula ukuzithatha okanye ukulahlekelwa ziintliziyo zabo;




4. "Amanani aqhelekileyo asemsebenzini" abhekiselele kwabo basemva kweminyaka engama-90 abakhuthaza ubuntu, kwaye bahlala bedlala ngeendlela;

Ngokwengxelo ka-Efe ngoJuni 12, iNkomfa ye-12 yoMphathiswa we-World Trade Organization (WTO) yavulwa ngomhla we-12. Intlanganiso yayinethemba lokufikelela kwisivumelwano sezokuloba, isitofu esitsha sokugonya amalungelo epropathi yomenzi kunye nokhuseleko lokutya, kodwa kwakhona ixhalabile malunga nokungavisisani ngokwelizwe Le meko inokwahlula ilizwe libe ziibloko ezimbini zorhwebo.



UMlawuli-Jikelele we-WTO uNgozi Okonjo-Iweala ulumkise kumsitho wokuvula ukuba imfazwe e-Ukraine, ukungavisisani kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu kunye nokusilela kwamalungu e-WTO ukufikelela kwisivumelwano esikhulu iminyaka emininzi yenze "urhwebo olutsha. "Imfazwe ebandayo" iphinda iphakame.



Ulumkise wathi: "Ukuqhekeka kwiibhloko zorhwebo kungathetha ukuhla nge-5% kwiGDP yehlabathi."



Intlanganiso yabaphathiswa ye-WTO idla ngokubanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, kodwa ayikabanjwa phantse iminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yempembelelo yalo bhubhani. Kwiintsuku ezintathu ezizayo, iseshoni iyakufuna ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwimiba efana nokunqumamisa okwethutyana amalungelo awodwa abenzi kwizitofu ezintsha zokugonya ukukhuthaza imveliso yesitofu kumazwe asaphuhlayo.



I-Indiya kunye noMzantsi Afrika bacebise isindululo kwangoko ngo-2020, kwaye uninzi lwamazwe asakhasayo alujoyine, nangona iqela lamazwe aphuhlileyo aneshishini eliqinileyo loxubo mayeza lihlala lithandabuza.



Ukhuseleko lokutya luya kuba lolunye ugxininiso lothethathethwano. Imfazwe e-Ukraine iye yandisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okubangelwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya kunye nezichumisi, kwaye iseshoni kulindeleke ukuba ixoxisane ngamanyathelo okunciphisa ukuvalwa kokutya kunye nokuququzelela ukufikelela kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo.



Uthethwano kule ndawo lukhohlisayo kuba nangona iRashiya ibekwe yedwa kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, indlela ye-WTO ithi nawuphi na umlinganiselo kufuneka wamkelwe ngokuvumelana, oku kuthetha ukuba ilungu ngalinye (iRashiya lilungu le-WTO) line-veto, ngoko ke nayiphi na isivumelwano kubalwa eRashiya.

Izinga eliphezulu lokukhula lonyaka kurhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele ngo-2021 ikakhulu kungenxa yokuhla korhwebo lwehlabathi ngo-2020. Ngenxa yesiseko esisezantsi, ikota yesibini ka-2021 iya kunyuka nge-22.0% unyaka nonyaka, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba ikota yesithathu neyesine iya kuhla ngokukhula konyaka-ngonyaka we-10.9% kunye ne-6.6%. I-WTO ilindele ukuba i-GDP yehlabathi jikelele ikhule nge-5.3% ngo-2021, iphezulu kune-5.1% ye-forecast ngo-Matshi kulo nyaka. Ngo-2022, eli zinga lokukhula liza kucotha ukuya kwi-4.1%.



Okwangoku, imingcipheko ephantsi yorhwebo lwehlabathi isabalasele kakhulu, kubandakanywa ikhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi jikelele kunye nemeko yobhubhani omtsha we-pneumonia. Kulindeleke ukuba umsantsa wengingqi ekubuyeleni kwakhona kurhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele uya kuhlala umkhulu. Ngo-2021, ukuthengiswa kwe-Asia kuya kunyuka nge-9.4% ngaphezu kwe-2019, ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe ukusuka kumazwe angaphuhlisiyo kuya kuhla nge-1.6%. Urhwebo lwehlabathi ngeenkonzo lusenokusalela emva kurhwebo lwempahla, ngakumbi kumashishini anxulumene nokhenketho kunye nolonwabo.



Okona kungaqinisekanga kukhulu kurhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele luvela kulo bhubhani. Uqikelelo lwangoku lwe-WTO oluphezulu lwangoku lorhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele luxhomekeke kuthotho lweengqikelelo, kubandakanywa imveliso ekhawulezileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezitofu zokugonya.

Imithombo yegesi yinto ephawulekayo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha ezibonelela ngamandla alawulwayo kunye nokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ngokusebenzisa irhasi ecinezelweyo ukugcina amandla, le mithombo ivumela ukukhululwa ngokuthe ngcembe nangokungenamthungo kwamandla. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kukhokelele ekudityanisweni kwazo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, aquka eleemoto, ifanitshala, i-aerospace, ezonyango, nezaselwandle. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga kusetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwemithombo yegesi kula mashishini kwaye likhanyisele ukusebenza kwawo.


Ishishini leemoto lithembele kakhulu kwimithombo yegesi ngeenjongo ezininzi. Ezi mithombo zixhasa kwaye zilawula iintshukumo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi ezinjengeehoods, iitranki, iingcango kunye neefestile. Umzekelo, imithombo yerhasi iqinisekisa ukuba iinqwelo zemoto zihlala zivulekile ngelixa imithwalo ilayishwa okanye isothulwa. Ngaphezu koko, bancedisa ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni ii-tailgates kunye neehoods ngokunciphisa ubunzima obubandakanyekayo. Ukongeza, imithombo yegesi isetyenziswa kwizihlalo zeemoto ukubonelela ngenkxaso ye-lumbar ehlengahlengiswayo, iqinisekisa intuthuzelo efanelekileyo kubaqhubi kunye nabakhweli.


Kushishino lwefenitshala, imithombo yerhasi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni iintshukumo ezingenamsebenzi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo efanitshala. Ngokomzekelo, izitulo zeeofisi zisebenzisa imithombo yegesi ukwenzela ukuphakama kwesihlalo esilungelelanisiweyo kunye neempawu zokulala, nto leyo eyenza abantu balungele ukuhlala kwabo. IiRecliners zikwaxhamla kwezi mithombo, zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlengahlengise i-angle ye-backrest ngokuthanda kwabo. Ngaphaya koko, imithombo yegesi ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwiifreyimu zebhedi, iphakamisa ngokufanelekileyo oomatrasi ukuveza indawo yokugcina efihliweyo.


Kwishishini le-aerospace, imithombo yegesi inegalelo kulawulo lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo eenqwelomoya. Zibalulekile kwizihlalo, indawo yokugcina imithwalo, kunye nemigqomo ephezulu ukulawula iindlela zokuvula nokuvala. Ngaphaya koko, ezi mithombo zibalulekile kwizixhobo zokumisa, ezilawula ukuhamba kwamavili ngexesha lokumka kunye nokuhla.


Ishishini lezonyango liyaqaphela ixabiso lemithombo yegesi ekuboneleleni ngenkxaso kunye nokukwazi ukuhamba. Kwiibhedi zonyango, imithombo yegesi inceda izigulane ekulungiseni ukuphakama kunye ne-angle yebhedi, ukuphucula induduzo yabo. Izitulo zamazinyo zikwaxhamla kwimithombo yegesi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigulana zigcina izikhundla ezikhululekile ngexesha leenkqubo zamazinyo.


Ushishino lwaselwandle ludibanisa imithombo yegesi ukulawula ukuhamba kweenqanawa ezininzi kunye neenxalenye zesikhephe. Izikhewu kunye neengcango zixhomekeke kwezi mithombo ukuze zivuleleke kwaye zivale iindlela ezingenamsebenzi nezigudileyo. Ngaphezu koko, imithombo yegesi isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa izihlalo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yekhabhinethi.


Kodwa isebenza njani kanye kanye imithombo yegesi? Irhasi ecinezelweyo, ene-nitrogen, isetyenziswa ukugcina amandla kule mithombo. Ziquka isilinda esinegesi ecinezelweyo edityaniswe kwipiston. Ukunyanzeliswa komthombo wegesi kubandakanya ukuhambisa ipiston kwi-cylinder, ngaloo ndlela icinezela igesi. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukwandisa i-gas spring kubangela ukukhululwa kwegesi, ukubonelela ngamandla afunekayo.


Imithombo yerhasi ineengenelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kwemithombo yemveli yoomatshini. Banikezela ngeentshukumo ezigudileyo kunye nokulawulwa ngakumbi, ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi. Ngaphaya koko, zinokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze zinike amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla, zizenze ziguquguquke ngendlela emangalisayo. Ekugqibeleni, baqhayisa ubomi obude xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yendabuko, ebonisa ukuba lukhetho olunendleko ekuhambeni kwexesha.


Ukuqukumbela, imithombo yerhasi iye yaguqula ubunjineli ngokunikezela ngeentshukumo ezigudileyo, ezilawulwayo kunye nenkxaso eguquguqukayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukugcina amandla ngerhasi ecinezelweyo kubenze baba yinxalenye yeemoto, ifenitshala, i-aerospace, unyango, kunye nosetyenziso lwaselwandle. Ngobuninzi bezinto eziluncedo, kuyabonakala ukuba kutheni imithombo yerhasi ibaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yobunjineli bale mihla.

Ukufakela i-gas spring lid lid inkxaso ngumsebenzi othe ngqo ukuba ulandela amanyathelo achanekileyo. Ukuxhasa isiciko segesi entwasahlobo zizixhobo zoomatshini eziphakamisa kwaye zixhase izivalo okanye iingcango, ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neebhokisi zokudlala, iikhabhathi, kunye nezifuba zokugcina. Eli nqaku liza kunika isikhokelo esicacileyo malunga nendlela yokufakela ngokulula inkxaso ye-gas spring lid kwaye unikeze iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zofakelo oluyimpumelelo.


Inyathelo 1: Qokelela izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo


Ukuqala inkqubo yofakelo, kubalulekile ukuqokelela zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo kunye nemathiriyeli. Ezi ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-screwdriver, i-drill, i-drill bit, i-tape measure, inqanaba, kunye ne-gas spring lid yokuxhasa ngokwayo. Qinisekisa ukuba unodidi oluchanekileyo, ubungakanani, kunye nomlinganiselo wobunzima kwisiciko sakho okanye umnyango. Ukongeza, ukuba isiciko sakho senziwe ngamaplanga okanye izinto ezithambileyo, unokufuna izikrufu, iiwasha kunye namandongomane. Ukuba nazo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo esandleni kuya kwenza inkqubo yokufakela ihambe kakuhle.


Inyathelo lesi-2: Linganisa isivalo seNkxaso


Ngaphambi kokuba ugrumbe nayiphi na imingxunya okanye uncamathisele umthombo wegesi, ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani besiciko sakho kunye nobunzima. Lo mlinganiso uya kunceda ukugqiba uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu benkxaso yesivalo se-gas spring efunekayo. Ukukhetha inkxaso enokuphatha isiciko okanye ubunzima bomnyango kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo. Sebenzisa iteyiphu yokulinganisa ubude nobubanzi besiciko, kunye nesikali okanye isixhobo sokulinganisa ubunzima ukujonga ubunzima baso. Ukuthatha imilinganiselo echanekileyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha igesi efanelekileyo yokuxhasa isiciko sesivalo sesiciko sakho okanye umnyango.


Inyathelo lesi-3: Nyusa iNtwasahlobo yeGesi kwiSiciko


Inkxaso yesivalo segesi entwasahlobo idla ngokuba namacandelo amathathu: isilinda, ipiston, kunye nezibiyeli. Isilinda licandelo elide lesinyithi, ngelixa ipiston iyisilinda esincinci esityibilika kwityhubhu yentsimbi enkulu. Izibiyeli ziziqwenga zentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukuncamathisela umthombo wegesi kwisiciko okanye emnyango. Nje ukuba ugqibe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo be-spring spring kunye nobunzima, ungaqhubeka nokufaka isilinda kunye nepiston kwisiciko.


Ukukhwela i-gas spring ngokuchanekileyo, sebenzisa izibiyeli ezibonelelwe ngenkxaso. Zibeke ngapha nangapha kwesilinda kunye nepiston, uze uziqhoboshele kwisiciko usebenzisa izikrufu ezifanelekileyo okanye iibholiti. Tshatisa izikrufu okanye iibholiti ezinobungakanani obuchanekileyo kwizibiyeli kunye nesixhobo sesiciko. Qinisekisa ukuba unamathisele ngokukhuselekileyo izibiyeli kwi-lid, evumela ukwandiswa okugudileyo kunye nokuhoxiswa kwemithombo yegesi.


Inyathelo lesi-4: Nyusa uMthombo weGesi kwiKhabhinethi okanye kwiSakhelo


Emva kokudibanisa i-gas spring lid inkxaso kwi-lid, qhubela phambili ukuyibeka kwikhabhinethi okanye isakhelo. Kwakhona, sebenzisa izibiyeli ukukhusela umthombo wegesi kwisakhelo okanye kwikhabhinethi. Beka izibiyeli ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lwesivalo. Sebenzisa izikrufu okanye iibholiti ukuze uqhoboshele izibiyeli ngokukhuselekileyo kwisakhelo okanye kwikhabhinethi. Khangela kabini ukuba yonke into ilungelelaniswe kwaye iqiniswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-spring spring isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.


Inyathelo lesi-5: Vavanya iNkxaso yesivalo seNtwasahlobo yeGesi


Nje ukuba kufakwe isivalo segesi entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo. Vula kwaye uvale isiciko amaxesha amaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkxaso. Ukuba isiciko sivula okanye sivala ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza, okanye ukuba isiciko sivala, uhlengahlengiso kwimithombo yegesi okanye izibiyeli kunokufuneka. Ukufumana ibhalansi efanelekileyo yesivalo kunokufuna uvavanyo kunye nephutha, ngoko yiba nomonde ngeli xesha.


Ngokulandela le miyalelo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, ukufaka i-gas spring lid lid inkxaso iba ngumsebenzi ongenangxaki. Inkxaso yesivalo ayenzi nje ukuba kube lula ukuvula nokuvala iziciko ezinzima okanye iingcango kodwa ikwakhusela okungaphakathi ngokuthintela ukuvalwa kweciko ngequbuliso. Khumbula ukusoloko ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kwaye ukhethe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisa ubunzima bomthombo wakho wegesi. Ukuba ufumana nabuphi na ubunzima, musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha okanye uqhagamshelane nomenzi. Ngomonde omncinci kunye nengqalelo kwiinkcukacha, uya kuba nenkxaso yesiciko segesi efakwe ngokugqibeleleyo esiya kwenza ukufikelela kwizinto zakho kube yimpepho.