Aosite, kuyambira 1993
mitundu ya zogwirira pakhomo yakhala chinthu cha nyenyezi cha AOSITE Hardware Precision Manufacturing Co.LTD kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa. Pachiyambi cha chitukuko cha mankhwala, zipangizo zake zimatengedwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa apamwamba pamakampani. Izi zimathandiza kukhazikika kwa mankhwalawa. Kupangaku kumachitika mumizere yamisonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imathandizira kwambiri. Njira zoyendetsera bwino kwambiri zimathandizanso kuti zikhale zapamwamba kwambiri.
Zogulitsa zomwe zili pansi pa mtundu wa AOSITE zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachuma chathu. Ndi zitsanzo zabwino za Mau a Pakamwa ndi chifaniziro chathu. Ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda, ndiwothandizira kwambiri pakutumiza kwathu chaka chilichonse. Ndi mtengo wowombola, nthawi zonse amalamulidwa mowirikiza kawiri kugula kwachiwiri. Amadziwika m'misika yapakhomo ndi yakunja. Ndiotsogolera athu, omwe akuyembekezeredwa kuti atithandize kupanga chikoka chathu pamsika.
Timatsimikizira zogulitsa ku AOSITE kuphatikiza mitundu ya zogwirira zitseko zimasangalala ndi chitsimikizo. Ngati vuto lililonse lichitika pansi pa ntchito yachibadwa, tithandizeni mwamsanga. Tidzakonza akatswiri odziwa ntchito kuti athandize kuthetsa mavutowa bwino.
Kuchira kwamakampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi "kwakakamira" ndi zinthu zingapo(3)
Kukwera kwamitengo yapadziko lonse lapansi sikunganyalanyazidwe. Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa chaka chino, vuto labotolo la makampani oyendetsa sitima zapadziko lonse lapansi lakhala likukulirakulira, ndipo mitengo yotumizira ikupitilira kukwera. Kuyambira pa September 12, mitengo yotumizira ku China / Southeast Asia-West Coast ya North America ndi China / Southeast Asia-East Coast ya North America yadutsa US $ 20,000 / FEU (40-foot standard container). Popeza kuti 80% ya malonda a padziko lonse lapansi amatengedwa ndi nyanja, kukwera kwa mitengo yotumizira sikumangokhudza njira zogulitsira padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kumapangitsa kuti dziko lonse lapansi likhale loyembekezera. Kukwera kwamitengo kwapangitsa ngakhale makampani oyendetsa sitima zapadziko lonse kukhala osamala. Pa Seputembara 9, nthawi yakomweko, CMA CGM, chonyamulira chachitatu chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, idalengeza kuti idzayimitsa mitengo yamsika yazinthu zonyamulidwa, ndipo zimphona zina zotumizira zidalengezanso kutsatira. Akatswiri ena adanenanso kuti ntchito zopanga zinthu ku Europe ndi United States zatsala pang'ono kuima chifukwa cha mliriwu komanso mfundo zolimbikitsa zolimbikitsa ku Europe ndi United States zachulukitsa kwambiri kufunikira kwa zinthu zogula ndi mafakitale ku Europe. ndi United States, yomwe yakhala chinthu chachikulu pakukweza mitengo yapadziko lonse yotumizira zombo.
Ponseponse, mliriwu ukadali vuto lalikulu kwambiri lobwezeretsanso makampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, tiyenera kuzindikiranso kuti ndi China yemwe akuumirira kuwongolera mwamphamvu mliriwu, womwe umangotsimikizira kuyambiranso koyamba kwa ntchito ndi kupanga padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kukhala m'modzi mwa mayiko ochepa padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. mphamvu zopanga ndi chitsimikizo chokwaniritsa dongosolo. Kwa dziko lomwe likuyembekeza kuthetsa mliriwu posachedwa ndikubwezeretsa chuma chake, kodi ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuchokera ku zomwe zidachitika bwino ku China popewa miliri?
Maupangiri Osankhira Zida Zazida Zabwino Zapanyumba
Zida zama hardware za mipando monga zogwirira, mtedza, mahinji, maloko, ndi zina zitha kuwoneka ngati zazing'ono, koma zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira bwino komanso kukopa kwa mipando yanu. Kusankha zida zoyenera za hardware ndikofunikira chifukwa zimatha kukhudza kwambiri kukongola ndi magwiridwe antchito a mipando yanu. Nawa malingaliro othandiza okuthandizani kupanga zisankho zoyenera:
1. Ganizirani Mtundu ndi Kalembedwe: Posankha zida za hardware, ndikofunika kuzifananiza ndi kalembedwe, mtundu, ndi maonekedwe a mipando ndi chipinda. Mwachitsanzo, mipando yachi China nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matabwa akuda komanso zokongoletsedwa monga zinjoka ndi mikango. Pankhaniyi, sankhani zida zakuda ndi zowoneka bwino kuti zigwirizane ndi kulemera ndi ukulu wa mipando. Kumbali ina, ngati muli ndi kalembedwe kakang'ono kokongoletsa ku Europe kapena ku America, sankhani zida zomwe zili zamasiku ano komanso zogwirizana ndi masitayilo ndi masitayilo ogwirizana ndi masitayilo amenewo. Momwemonso, mipando yamtundu waku Mediterranean imafunikira zida zabuluu ndi zoyera kuti zigwirizane ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino.
2. Yang'anani Kukhazikika: Zida zama Hardware ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zodalirika. Ayenera kukhala okhoza kupasuka ndikusonkhanitsidwa kangapo popanda kusokoneza ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, zogwirira ntchito za kabati ziyenera kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Kusankha zida zokhazikika kudzakuthandizani kuti musakumane ndi zovuta zosafunikira chifukwa chakusweka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mipando yanu ikhale yayitali komanso mawonekedwe.
3. Yang'anani pa Chitetezo: Ndi ukadaulo wamakono wa mipando, zida za Hardware tsopano zimapitilira kukongola ndi magwiridwe antchito. Mipando yambiri imakhala ndi mahinji, njanji zoyala, ndi zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zida izi ndizotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito, makamaka ngati muli ndi ana kunyumba kwanu. Mwachitsanzo, zitseko zokhala ndi mahinji odzala ndi masika zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotsina zala, makamaka kwa ana. Ganizirani zachitetezo ndikusankha zowonjezera zomwe zimachepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
4. Landirani Ubwino Wamtundu: Ngakhale msika wa zida zam'manja ukhoza kukhala ndi zida zapamwamba zocheperako, ndikofunikira kuyika patsogolo khalidwe lanu posankha. Sankhani zida za Hardware kuchokera kwa opanga otchuka ndi mitundu yomwe ili ndi malingaliro abwino ogula. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi mwayi wopereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa zomwe mukuyembekezera komanso kukupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito.
Pomaliza, posankha zida zamagulu amipando, ganizirani mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake, kukhazikika ndi kudalirika, malingaliro achitetezo, ndi mbiri ya mtunduwo. Kumbukirani kuwunika zosowa zanu ndi zomwe mumakonda kuti muwonetsetse kuti zida zosankhidwa zimakwaniritsa bwino mipando yanu. Potsatira malangizowa, mutha kupanga malo ogwirizana komanso owoneka bwino omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zanu zokongola komanso zogwira ntchito.
Kugawana chidziwitso cha zida zonse za hardware ya cabinet
Ziwalo zomwe zimapanga kabati yonse zimaphatikizapo ma countertops, mapanelo a zitseko ndi zida. Zinganenedwe kuti ndizo zovuta kwambiri zapakhomo, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo ngati pali zigawo zambiri. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza nduna yonse, padenga, khomo, zida, ndi zina. , Ndi njira iyi yokha yomwe ingathandize aliyense kugula mosavuta kabati yokhutiritsa.
mesa
Ma countertops amagawidwa kukhala miyala yopangira miyala, miyala ya quartz, miyala yamwala yachilengedwe, ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Zopangira miyala zopangira miyala zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, zopanda poizoni, zopanda ma radio, mafuta osamata, komanso osapaka utoto. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ali ndi ubwino wa antibacterial, anti-mildew, mawonekedwe osasunthika, kukana kuvala, ndi kukana mphamvu. Zoyipa zake ndi kukana dzimbiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mphika wotentha sungakhoze kuikidwa mwachindunji pa countertop. Mwala wochita kupanga pakali pano pamsika uli ndi kukana kuwala koyipa.
Tebulo la miyala ya Yingtai limapangidwa ndi kristalo wopitilira 90% wa quartz kuphatikiza utomoni wochepa ndi zinthu zina zotsata. Quartz crystal ndi mchere wovuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe, wachiwiri kwa diamondi. Kulimba kwapamtunda ndikwambiri komanso kosakandwa. Gome la miyala ya quartz ndi loyera kwambiri, mitundu yowala, yopanda poizoni, yopanda ma radio, yoyaka moto, mafuta osamata, osawoneka ndi zina zabwino. Zoyipa zake ndizovuta kwambiri, palibe kuphatikizika kosasunthika, ndipo mawonekedwe ake sakhala olemera ngati mwala wopangira.
Pamwamba pa miyala yachilengedwe imakhala ndi ma radiation ena komanso kukana madontho ochepa, koma kulimba kwawo ndikwambiri, pamwamba pake sikumva kuvala, ndipo mphamvu yawo yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi yabwino.
Chifukwa cha zinthu zochepa ndi kupanga ndondomeko ya tebulo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mawonekedwe a tebulolo ndi osasamala, makamaka chifukwa chosowa chithandizo chamankhwala chamagulu osakanikirana pamakona, ndipo ndi oyenera kokha mawonekedwe ooneka ngati amodzi. tebulo.
Zida Zazida Zotsatirazi ndizosankhira za Hardware
Hinge: Chitsulo chokhuthala, maziko okwera, mkono wautali wamphamvu, kuyikika kwaulere popanda kusamutsidwa, bango limapangitsa mbali yotsegulira kupitilira madigiri 90, ndipo moyo wotsegulira umafika nthawi 80,000.
Sitima yapamtunda: Yang'anani kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe ka gawo lolumikizidwa ndi njanji ya slide, chojambulira chonyamula katundu ndi chopepuka ndipo sichimamva kupweteka.
Chipangizo choponderezedwa: kulimba kwamphamvu, tsinde lokhazikika la katatu, chithandizo chosalala komanso chaulere.
Basket: Zopangidwa mwaluso, zolumikizira zonse, zosalala popanda ma burrs, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Njanji zojambulira: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamtunda, zinthu zokhuthala, mawilo a nayiloni, kuyika kosavuta komanso mwachangu.
Kupinda kwa chitseko cha slide njanji ndi pulley: ntchito yosalala, palibe phokoso, ndipo pulley sivuta kugwa.
Chisindikizo: Makabati wamba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zapakhomo za PVC, ndipo banki ya ABS ndiyabwinoko.
Cabiner pendant: kuphatikiza kwa makabati olendewera kumakhazikika pakhoma, komwe kuli kokongola, kothandiza, kotetezeka komanso kwasayansi, komanso kutha kusintha masinthidwe a makabati opachikidwa.
khomo gulu
Zitseko zimagawidwa m'mapanelo osayaka moto, mapanelo opaka utoto, ndi matabwa olimba.
Bolo losatentha ndi moto ndi melamine veneer yomwe anthu amakonda kunena. Ndi pepala la kraft lamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi melamine ndi phenolic resin. Imakhala yolimba kwambiri, siimva kuvala, imalimbana ndi zokanda, ndipo ili ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawotcha komanso zimalimbana ndi malawi.
Lacquer board
Bolodi lophika la vanishi limakhazikitsidwa ndi bolodi la kachulukidwe, ndipo pamwamba pake amapukutidwa, okonzedwa, owumitsidwa, ndi kupukutidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kuopa tokhala ndi zotsatira, kamodzi zowonongeka, zimakhala zovuta kukonza.
matabwa olimba
Zitseko zolimba zamatabwa zoyera ndizosowa pamsika. Pakali pano, ambiri a iwo ndi matabwa olimba gulu mapanelo zitseko. Zimayambitsa kusweka ndi kupindika kwa chitseko, ndipo kukonza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Kodi zida za hardware za cabinet ndi ziti?
Masiku ano, anthu ochulukirachulukira amakhala moyo wabwino, ndipo zofunika pa moyo wawo zikuchulukirachulukira komanso kukhala zamunthu. Chifukwa chake, ntchito zosiyanasiyana za DIY zimatuluka kosatha. Makabati ambiri pamsika tsopano akuwonetsa mtengo Ndiwokwera mtengo, ndipo khalidweli silinatsimikizidwe kwenikweni. Choncho, ogula ena amasankha kusonkhanitsa makabati okha, zomwe zimafuna kuti gawo ili la ogula lidziwe zambiri
Cabinet Hardware Chalk
chidziwitso. Kenako, tiyeni tipite kuti timvetsetse zomwe zida za kabati!
Ndi zida zotani za kabati - skirting board
Nthawi zambiri anthu amanyalanyaza. Ndipotu, likhoza kukhala vuto loyamba ndi nduna. Chifukwa chakuti ndi pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka, ngati nthaka yanyowa kwambiri, imatha kutupa ndi kukhala nkhungu. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma skirting board: matabwa otsetsereka a matabwa ndi masiketi azitsulo achisanu. Opanga matabwa a skirting board nthawi zambiri Mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito zotsalira za ngodya zotsalira popanga nduna ndizotsika. Koma chifukwa skirting board ili pafupi kwambiri ndi pansi, zinthu zamatabwa zimakhala zosavuta kuyamwa madzi ndikukhala chinyontho, ndipo nthunzi yamadzi imakwera pamtunda ndikuyika thupi lonse la nduna. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makabati ena Pambuyo pa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, mbali imodzi ya kabati ya pansi imakhala yonenepa. Bolodi lolowera kunja kwachitsulo lokhala ndi mphira wopanda madzi lazindikirika ndi akatswiri litangolowa mumsika waku China. Sikuti ndi madzi komanso chinyezi, palibe nkhungu, palibe dzimbiri, komanso zokongola komanso zolimba, ndipo sizidzawonongeka kwa moyo wonse.
Kodi zida za kabati kabati - hinges
Chitseko cha nduna chimatsegulidwa ndikutsekedwa nthawi zambiri, kotero cholumikizira chitseko cha nduna ndichofunika kwambiri. Zochita zatsimikizira kuti malinga ndi chikhalidwe ndi kulondola kwa chitseko cha nduna chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, n'zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zazitsulo zanyumba zapakhomo kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa chitseko cha khitchini.
Ndi zida ziti za kabati - zogwirira ntchito
Ngakhale chogwiriracho sichikuwoneka bwino mu nduna, chimagwira ntchito ya "kiyi". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula zitseko zonse za kabati, zotengera, ndi mabasiketi okoka. Boolani mabowo pamwamba, ndipo okwera kwambiri ayenera kuboola pa chitseko cha kabati ndikulumikiza ndi zomangira. Njirayi ndi yolimba komanso yodalirika. Malinga ndi zida za chogwiriracho, pali aloyi ya zinc, aluminiyamu, mkuwa, PVC yofewa, ndi pulasitiki. , Pankhani ya mawonekedwe, pali kalembedwe ka ku Ulaya, zamakono, zakale, zojambula, ndi zina zotero. Palinso zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba zopangidwa ndi yade, kapena golide-wokutidwa, siliva ndi zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali pamsika. Maonekedwe ndi osiyana, ndipo chogwirira choyenera chiyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kugawanika konse kwa nduna.
Kodi zida za kabati - kukoka basket
Zinthu za kukhitchini ndizo zomwe timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ife tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ziwiya za kukhitchini ndizosiyana kwambiri pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zakudya zitatu patsiku sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi kubwera ndi kupita kukhitchini, ndipo kusuntha kwa miphika ndi mapoto sikungalephereke. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo la moyo wabwino m'malo oyenda pafupipafupi ndizovuta zomwe mabanja ambiri amakumana nazo. Kukwiyitsa kumeneku kungathe kuthetsedwa kokha ndi munthu wamalingaliro otakasuka amene amakoka dengu, limene limasunga zinthu zamitundumitundu m’manja mwake popanda kudandaula. Basket basket ili ndi malo akuluakulu osungiramo, ndipo imatha kugawanitsa malowa, kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ziwiya zipezeke m'malo awo. Pachifukwa ichi, machitidwe a chilombo chachikulu cha ku Germany ndi mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono a monster amakoka kwambiri. Iwo sangakhoze kokha kukulitsa Kugwiritsa ntchito malo omangidwamo kungathenso kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira malo otayika pangodya kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito. Malingana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, dengu likhoza kugawidwa mudengu lachitofu, dengu lambali zitatu, dengu la kabati, basiketi yopapatiza kwambiri, dengu lakuya lakuya kwambiri, dengu lokoka ngodya, ndi zina zotero.
Kodi zida za kabati ndi chiyani - zowunikira
Nthawi zambiri, galasi chitseko cholendewera makabati kapena makabati ndi denga kuyatsa nthawi zambiri okonzeka ndi spotlights, amene anawagawa mu kafukufuku mtundu ndi mkati yopingasa mtundu, malingana ndi zokonda munthu aliyense. Koma tcherani khutu kusankha mawanga a 12V okhala ndi thiransifoma, chifukwa pazifukwa zachitetezo, boma limaletsa momveka bwino kugwiritsa ntchito voteji ya 220V pakulumikiza nyali ya mipando.
Kodi zida za kabati kabati - damping
Ntchito yatsopano yaukadaulo wothirira imayimira chitukuko cha hardware ya nduna m'tsogolomu. Mapangidwe achitetezo amunthu amapangitsa kuti atseke chitseko kapena kabati ndi mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo imatha kutenga gawo lachitetezo chachitetezo komanso kuchepetsa phokoso kumapeto kotseka.
Ndi zida ziti za kabati - ma slide a drawer
Kufunika kwa ma slide a kabati ndi chachiwiri ku hinges. Makampani opanga masiladi a nduna amagwiritsa ntchito mahinji okhala ndi mitengo yofananira, ndipo pafupifupi 95% yamakampani a nduna amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsika mtengo. Poyerekeza, zabwino ndi zoyipa sizitengera mawonekedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito tebulo losiyanitsa. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndikuti zida, mfundo, zida, zida, njira zopangira, monga kusintha kosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha malo apadera a khitchini, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti njanji zopangidwa kunyumba zikwaniritse zofunikira. Ngakhale zitakhala bwino pakanthawi kochepa, Patapita nthawi yaitali, mudzapeza kuti n'zovuta kukankha ndi kukoka. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kuonetsetsa kuti kabatiyo ikhoza kukankhidwa ndi kukoka momasuka kwa nthawi yaitali, muyenera kusankha chizindikiro chochokera kunja chokhala ndi ntchito zapamwamba.
Kodi zida za kabati kabati - faucet
The faucet tinganene kuti mbali kwambiri kukhitchini, koma khalidwe lake nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa pogula. Zowona zatsimikizira kuti faucet ndiyomwe imayambitsa zovuta kwambiri kukhitchini. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito faucet yotsika mtengo komanso yotsika, padzakhala kutuluka kwa madzi, Ngati sikutsekedwa nthawi, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri, choncho tiyenera kumvetsera kwambiri khalidwe lake pogula. M'makhitchini ambiri, mipope nthawi zambiri imakhala malo owala osowa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma fauce amatha kupatsa opanga malo okulirapo A owonetsera maluso, zida zamapangidwe monga mizere, mitundu, ndi mawonekedwe zimatha kutulutsa zokopa zambiri, zowonetsa kukongola ndi luso laluso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mipope yapamwamba kwambiri ndi chitsanzo cha luso lamakono ndipo imakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pamisiri. Imakwaniritsa kufunafuna kokongola kwa anthu ambiri amafashoni kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Zinthu zambiri zimapangitsa opanga makabati kukhala osamala pakusankha kwawo.
Kodi nduna hardware Chalk - zitsulo mankhwala
Chojambulira chachitsulo, mpeni ndi thireyi ya foloko: Chojambula chachitsulo, thireyi yodula ndi yolondola kukula kwake, yokhazikika, yosavuta kuyeretsa, osawopa kuipitsidwa, ndipo siyidzapunduka. Ili ndi gawo losasinthika pakukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera makabati. Zakhala zikudziwika ndi Germany, United States, makampani a nduna ku Japan ndi mayiko ena otukuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mutatha kuwona mawonekedwe a kabati, muyenera kutsegula kabati iliyonse kuti muwone. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito kabati yachitsulo chophatikizira ndi mpeni ndi tray ya foloko, zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba. Kuphatikizika kwa nduna Ndizokhazikika. M'malo mwake, ngati zotengera zamatabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Zotengera zitsulo ndi thireyi zodulira zimatumizidwanso kunja komanso kunyumba, makamaka pakulimba kwa njanji zamasiladi ndi kukonza pamwamba.
Kodi zida za kabati kabati - beseni
Ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kukhitchini, kotero kusankha kwake n'kofunika kwambiri. Mabeseni wamba nthawi zambiri amakhala zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mwala wochita kupanga, zoumba, ndi zinthu zamwala, kutengera zomwe mwiniwake amakonda komanso mawonekedwe onse akhitchini. Ngati Kalembedwe kakhitchini ndi kapamwamba komanso avant-garde, ndipo ndi koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabeseni osapanga dzimbiri. Kusankha kumeneku sikuti chifukwa chakuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chamakono, koma chofunika kwambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chosavuta kuyeretsa, chopepuka kulemera, komanso chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri. , kukana kutentha kwakukulu, kukana chinyezi ndi ubwino wina, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za moyo wa anthu amakono.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zonse zokhudzana ndi zida za kabati zomwe zabweretsedwa kwa Xiaobian.
mesa
Pamwamba pamiyala yopangira
Mwala Wopanga umapangidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa methyl methacrylate ndi unsaturated polyester resin ndi aluminiyamu hydroxide monga zodzaza. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka utomoni, amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: bolodi la utomoni, bolodi la acrylic ndi acrylic composite. Bolodi la utomoni siwodzaza utomoni wa polyester ndipo aluminiyamu hydroxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzaza. Mabokosi a Acrylic alibe ma resin ena, kotero kukalamba kumachedwa ndipo moyo wautumiki ndi wautali. Ma board a acrylic ophatikizika ndi matabwa amiyala ochita kupanga pakati pa matabwa a utomoni ndi matabwa a acrylic. Pali matabwa a acrylic Kulimba kwambiri, fineness ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wochepa.
Mwala Wopanga umakhala ndi utoto wochuluka, uli ndi zabwino zake zopanda poizoni, zopanda ma radio, mafuta osamata, osawona, antibacterial ndi anti-mildew, kuphatikizika kosasunthika, mawonekedwe osagwirizana, etc. kukana mphamvu. Komabe, kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri Mofanana ndi kukana kwa kutentha kwapamwamba, pamwamba pa tebulo sayenera kudziunjikira madzi kwa nthawi yaitali pakugwiritsa ntchito, osasiya kuyika mphika wotentha mwachindunji pa countertop.
Pakalipano, mwala wodziwika bwino wa ufa wa calcium pamsika umapangidwa ndi utomoni wa mafakitale ndi calcium carbonate. Ndiwowopsa komanso wonunkhiza, wosasinthika bwino, ndi wosavuta kuthyoka ndi kupunduka, umakhala ndi mawonekedwe apulasitiki pamwamba, ndipo sumatha kuwala. Ogula akuyenera kusamala ndi amalonda osakhulupirika pogula. wopanda pake.
Chophimba cha Quartz
Ma slabs a quartz amapangidwa ndi makhiristo opitilira 90% a quartz kuphatikiza utomoni wochepa ndi zinthu zina zotsata. Makristalo a quartz ndi mchere wachilengedwe womwe kuuma kwawo ndi kwachiwiri kwa diamondi m'chilengedwe. Kulimba kwapamtunda ndikwambiri komanso kosakandwa. Miyala yamwala ya quartz ndi yowoneka bwino komanso yowoneka bwino, ili ndi zabwino zake zopanda poizoni, zopanda ma radio, zoletsa moto, mafuta osasunthika, osawona, antibacterial ndi mildew-proof, etc. Poyerekeza ndi miyala yopangira miyala, imakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, palibe mapindikidwe, osasinthika, asidi ndi alkali kukana, komanso kuvala kukana, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Koma chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, sichingadulidwe mopanda msoko, ndipo mawonekedwe ake sakhala olemera ngati mwala wochita kupanga.
miyala yamwala yachilengedwe
Miyala yamwala yachilengedwe imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri molingana ndi zida: miyala ya marble ndi granite countertops. Zinthu za nsangalabwi ndi zotayirira, ndipo pali pores, ming'alu kapena mipata pamwamba, ndipo kukana madontho ndikosavuta. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha njira yopangira, kuyendetsa, kumanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Idzalowa mu dothi ndi zotsalira, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziyeretsa. Chifukwa chakuti nsangalabwi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zonyansa, ndipo njosavuta kuzizira ndi kusungunuka mumlengalenga, pamwamba pake pamataya msanga. Poyerekeza ndi nsangalabwi, miyala ya granite imakhala yolimba kwambiri, imakhala yolimba kwambiri, komanso imakhala yosagwira ntchito. Zabwino zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya obwezeretsanso mphamvu.
Mwala wachilengedwe umakhala ndi ma radiation ochulukirapo kapena mocheperapo, ndipo sungathe kusokedwa bwino.
tebulo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Chophimba chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pogwiritsa ntchito kudula, kupindika ndi kuwotcherera. Chophimba ichi sichichita dzimbiri, sichimatsukidwa, ndipo mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi yabwino kwambiri pakati pa ma countertops onse. Choyipa chake ndi chakuti pamwamba pake ndi yosavuta kukanda komanso yovuta kukonza .Musayike mapeni otenthedwa mwachindunji pa countertop pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito kuti mupewe kutupa kwa m'deralo ndi kupunduka chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu ndi kupanga, mawonekedwe a tebulo ili ndi osasamala, makamaka pakona ndi zigawo zophatikizira, palibe njira zothandizira zothandizira, ndipo kusakanikirana kosasinthika sikungatheke.
hardware
Chifukwa cha Zinthu
Kutaya njanji
Hinges nthawi zambiri amatchedwa hinges, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakabati. Makhalidwe awo amatha kudziwa ntchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa makabati. Mahinji apamwamba kwambiri amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zokhala bwino komanso zosalala pamwamba, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kolemera kwambiri kuposa zochepetsetsa. Chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a chigawo chilichonse cha hinge chapamwamba kwambiri ndi chokwanira komanso chololera, makamaka chowongolera chowongolera chimagwirizana kwambiri, ndipo chowongolera cha hinge sichidzamasulidwa chifukwa chotsegula mobwerezabwereza ndikutseka kwa chitseko kwa nthawi yayitali. , zomwe zidzapangitsa kuti chitseko chigwe.
slide njanji
Sitima ya slide ndi gawo lofunikira la kabati, lomwe lingathe kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: yobisika ndi yowonekera. Zojambula za nduna nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito njanji zobisika, zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa kabati pamalo osawoneka, zomwe zimatha kuteteza njanji kuti zisalowe madontho amadzi ndi ufa. ndi particles ndi zonyansa zina, kuti zitsimikizire moyo wautumiki wa slide njanji ndikuwonetsetsa kutsegula ndi kutseka kosalala kwa kabati. Malingana ndi kuya kwa kabatiyo, njanji ya slide ikhoza kugawidwa mu theka-kukoka ndi kukoka kwathunthu. Zomwe zimatchedwa "half-pull slide njanji" zimatanthawuza kuti kabatiyo imatha kutulutsidwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, pomwe zithunzi zokoka zonse zimalola kuti kabatiyo akokedwe kwathunthu.
Damping
Ndi chida chaching'ono cha hardware chomwe chimagwira ntchito yochepetsera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu hinges, slide njanji, zotungira, mapanelo a zitseko, etc. Zimakhala ndi zotsatira za kugwedezeka kwa mantha ndi kuchepetsa phokoso, ndipo ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo opanda phokoso. Mwachitsanzo, chitseko chikatsekedwa, chitseko cha khomo chimagwirizana ndi thupi la nduna Nthawi yomweyo, damper imatsegulidwa yokha, yomwe imalola kuti chitseko chitseke mofewa komanso mwakachetechete.
khomo gulu
Bolo lamoto
Dzina lasayansi "melamine kukongoletsa gulu" amapangidwa ndi impregnating kraft pepala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mawonekedwe kudzera melamine ndi phenolic utomoni, kuyanika pa mlingo winawake machiritso, ndiyeno kuwakonza pamwamba particleboard ndi sing'anga kachulukidwe fiberboard. Melamine yokongoletsera gulu Pamwamba pa gululi ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kuvala, kukana zokanda, asidi ndi alkali kukana, kukana kupsa mtima komanso kukana kuipitsa, ndipo kumakhala ndi zinthu zina zoletsa moto.
Lacquer board
Bolodi lophika la vanishi limachokera pa bolodi la kachulukidwe, ndipo pamwamba pake amapukutidwa, okonzedwa, owumitsidwa, ndi kupukutidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kuphulika ndi kugunda, kamodzi kowonongeka kumakhala kovuta kukonzanso.
matabwa olimba
Zitseko zolimba zamatabwa zoyera ndizosowa pamsika. Pakalipano, ambiri mwa iwo ndi matabwa olimba opangidwa ndi zitseko, ndiye kuti, chimango cha khomo la khomo chimapangidwa ndi matabwa olimba, ndipo gulu lapakati pakatikati limapangidwa ndi MDF ndi veneer pamwamba. Zitseko za zitseko za kabati zimapangidwa ndi matabwa olimba, makamaka mumayendedwe akale. Pamwamba pake amapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a concave ndi convex, kenako amapaka utoto kuti atetezedwe. Zitseko zamatabwa zolimba zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Malo owuma kwambiri komanso achinyezi amapangitsa kuti zitseko zing'ambike ndikusintha, ndipo kukonza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Pakhomo la matuza
Blister board imakhazikitsidwa ndi kachulukidwe bolodi, pamwamba pake imatenga vacuum matuza kapena filimu kukakamiza kupanga njira, ndi polima filimu cladding zinthu yokutidwa pa kachulukidwe bolodi. Blister board ndi yamitundu yambiri, imatha kutsanzira mbewu zamatabwa, komanso mawonekedwe amitengo yolimba ya Concave-convex. Kupaka kwake kwapadera kumakwirira kutsogolo ndi mbali zinayi za chitseko kukhala chimodzi, popanda banding m'mphepete. Poyerekeza ndi bolodi la m'mphepete, ili ndi ubwino wosalowa madzi ndi dzimbiri. Kumwamba kwake sikumatenthedwa, kusakanikirana ndi madontho, komanso kuletsa kuzilala. Ngati chitagwiritsidwa ntchito Chovala chabwino chimakhalanso ndi kukana kovala komanso kukana kukanda.
gawo la muyeso
Yanmi
"Yanmi" ndi njira yanthawi zonse yoyezera kutalika m'magawo ena a uinjiniya powerengera mitengo, ndipo imatanthawuza kutalika kwa mtengo weniweni wa chinthu choyezedwa.
M'makampani a nduna, 1 mita yofananira = mita 1, makabati apansi ndi makabati apakhoma amatha kuwerengedwa ndi mita. Mkati mwa mita iliyonse yozungulira, kapangidwe ka kabati kakhoza kusinthidwa moyenera. Mwachitsanzo, mtunda wapakati pa makoma awiri a khitchini ndi 3 Ngati mukufuna kupanga kabati yapansi ya mamita 3 ndi kabati ya khoma la mamita 1, ndiye kuti mlengiyo adzapanga kabati mkati mwa mamita atatu. Mkhalidwe wa nyumba iliyonse ndi wosiyana, ndipo kapangidwe ka nduna ndi kosiyana, koma mkati mwa mita ya mzere uliwonse, Ziribe kanthu momwe nyumbayo ilili, imaperekedwa molingana ndi mtengo umodzi.
Zida zamakabati zimatanthawuza zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika ndi kuyika makabati. Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga zogwirira, makono, mahinji, ndi maloko. Zigawozi sizimangogwira ntchito zokhazokha komanso zimathandizira kukongola kwa makabati. Kaya mukuyang'ana m'malo mwa zida zomwe zilipo kapena kukhazikitsa makabati atsopano, kumvetsetsa bwino za hardware ya nduna ndikofunikira pakupanga malo ogwira ntchito komanso owoneka bwino.
Chidule: Kupanga zonyamulira zambiri kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mipando yothandizira yolendewera pawiri ndi machubu othandizira. Zigawozi ndizofunikira kulimbikitsa kapangidwe kake ndikuletsa kusinthika kwa malo osungiramo katundu. Komabe, njira yachikale yonyamulira ndi kukweza zinthuzi n’njodya nthawi, yokwera mtengo, ndipo imabweretsa ngozi. Kuti athane ndi mavutowa, apangidwa njira yolumikizira zida zonyamula katundu zonyamula anthu ambiri, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuwongolera njira yokwezera, kuchepetsa zinyalala, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
1.
Mu 2015, kumanga konyamula katundu wolemera matani 209,000 kunakhala projekiti yayikulu kwambiri padoko la 4#. Komabe, kukweza ndi kukweza gawo lalikulu la malo osungiramo katundu kunabweretsa zovuta chifukwa chofuna kulimbikitsa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa a I-beam kapena zitsulo zamakina. Izi zinapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke kwambiri komanso kuti nthawi yogwira ntchito ichuluke. Kuonjezera apo, kukweza chitoliro chothandizira kuchokera kunja kwa hatch kunali kovuta chifukwa cha kutalika kwake komanso kuwonongeka kwa kamangidwe kameneka. Pofuna kuthana ndi zopingazi, adakonza mapulani ophatikiza zida zolimbikitsira ndi chitoliro chothandizira kukhala chimodzi, potero kupulumutsa zida, ogwira ntchito, ndi zida pomwe kuwonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwadongosolo.
2. Design Scheme
2.1 Mapangidwe a Mipando Yopachikika Pawiri
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zopangira mipando yothandizira zolendewera pawiri zikuphatikizapo:
- Kuwonjezera mbale yoyimilira kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ndikupewa kusinthika.
- Kupititsa patsogolo mtunda pakati pa ma code awiri olendewera kuti mulowetse mosavuta chubu chothandizira.
- Kuyika masikweya mabulaketi ndi mbale zapansi pakati pa ma code opachikika kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ndi kukhazikika.
- Kuonetsetsa kuwotcherera kwathunthu pakati pa mbale yothandizira ndi chotchingira chonyamula katundu.
2.2 Mapangidwe a Hinged Support Tubes
Mapangidwe a machubu opangira ma hinged akuphatikizapo:
- Kuphatikizira khodi yolendewera chitoliro kumapeto kumtunda kulola kuzungulira.
- Kuwonjezera ndolo zokwezera plug-in kumtunda ndi kumunsi kumapeto kuti zinyamuke mosavuta.
- Kupititsa patsogolo malo ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu poyambitsa mbale zozungulira zozungulira pamwamba ndi pansi.
3. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito
- Ikani mipando yothandizira yolendewera pawiri panthawi yokweza.
- Gwiritsani ntchito ma cranes amagalimoto kuti mukweze ndikulimbitsa chitoliro chothandizira, ndikupanga gawo lalikulu lokhala ngati C.
- Mukakweza ndi kukweza, chotsani mbale yachitsulo yolumikiza chubu chothandizira kumalo osungiramo katundu.
- Sinthani kutalika kwa chubu chothandizira pogwiritsa ntchito ndolo zapansi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chubu chothandizira ngati chothandizira kanyumba panthawi yotsitsa ndikuyika.
- Kwezani chubu chothandizira chomangika kuchokera mnyumbamo pogwiritsa ntchito ndolo zakumtunda pomwe sizikufunikanso.
4. Kuwongolera Bwino ndi Kusanthula kwa Phindu
Chida chothandizira chothandizira chimakhala ndi maubwino angapo, kuphatikiza:
- Kuwongolera njira yoyika, kupulumutsa maola ogwirira ntchito.
- Kuchotsa kufunikira kwa zida zothandizira, kuchepetsa nthawi ya crane, ndikupulumutsa ndalama.
- Kupereka ntchito ziwiri zolimbikitsira kwakanthawi komanso kusintha konyamula katundu.
-Kuloleza kugwiritsa ntchitonso zida zothandizira, kukulitsa kukwera mtengo.
AOSITE Hardware ali ndi kudzipereka kwakukulu pakupanga zinthu zapamwamba komanso kupereka ntchito zamaluso. Kapangidwe kathu katsopano ka zida zothandizira kumawonetsa kuthekera kwathu kokwanira, zomwe zimathandizira kuchulukirachulukira komanso kupulumutsa ndalama pomanga zonyamulira zambiri.
Takulandirani ku kalozera wapamwamba kwambiri wazinthu zonse {blog_title}! Kaya ndinu katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito kapena mwangoyamba kumene, zolemba zabuloguzi zili ndi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza {mutu}. Konzekerani kulowa mkati ndikupeza maupangiri, zidule, ndi njira zatsopano zomwe zingatengere luso lanu la {topic} kufika pamlingo wina. Tiyeni tiyambe limodzi ulendo wosangalatsawu!
Zitseko za zitseko ndi zenera ndizofunikira kwambiri m'nyumba zamakono, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pachitetezo cha zitseko ndi mawindo. Mahinji apamwamba amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha zofooka za ndondomeko yopangira masitampu ndi zovuta kugwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kulondola ndi khalidwe la hinges nthawi zambiri zimavutika. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavutowa, njira zoyendera zamageji ndi zida zanthawi zonse ndizosagwira ntchito komanso sizolondola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitengo yolakwika kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa phindu kwamakampani. Chifukwa chake, njira yatsopano yodziwira mwanzeru yapangidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuzindikirika bwino komanso mwachangu kwa magawo a hinge, potsirizira pake kukonza kulondola kwa kupanga ndikuwonetsetsa kusonkhana kwapamwamba.
Dongosolo latsopano lozindikira limapangidwa kuti liziyang'ana mbali zazikulu za msonkhano wa hinge, wokhala ndi zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito makina owonera makina ndi matekinoloje ozindikira ma laser poyang'ana osalumikizana, makamaka poyang'ana ma contour owoneka a mbali ziwiri, mawonekedwe, ndi kukula kwake. Izi zimathandiza kuti azindikire molondola komanso moyenera mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana.
Kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zama hinge, makinawa amaphatikiza masomphenya a makina, kuzindikira kwa laser, ndi ukadaulo wowongolera ma servo. Dongosololi limaphatikizapo tebulo lazinthu lomwe limayikidwa panjanji yowongolera, yomwe imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi injini ya servo kuti ithandizire kusuntha kwa workpiece kuti izindikire.
Njira yoyendetsera ntchito imayamba ndi chogwirira ntchito chikudyetsedwa kumalo ozindikira pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lazinthu. Mkati mwa malo ozindikira, makamera awiri ndi laser displacement sensor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mawonekedwe akunja ndi kusalala kwa chogwirira ntchito. Kuzindikira mawonekedwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito makamera awiri, iliyonse yodzipereka kuti izindikire mbali inayake ya chidutswa cha T. Sensa ya laser displacement imayikidwa pazithunzi zamagetsi, ndikupangitsa kuyenda koyima komanso kopingasa kuti kugwirizane ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito.
Dongosololi limaphatikizanso kuyang'anira masomphenya a makina kuti athe kuyeza kutalika konse kwa workpiece. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwake kwa workpiece, kuphatikiza kwa servo control ndi masomphenya a makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera molondola kutalika kwake. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma calibration ndi kugwirizanitsa kayendedwe ka workpiece, makinawa amaonetsetsa kuti kutalika kwake kuli kolondola.
Mofananamo, malo achibale ndi awiri a mabowo workpiece ndi wapezeka ntchito servo ulamuliro ndi makina masomphenya. Podyetsa chiwerengero choyenera cha ma pulses, dongosololi limayesa molondola mtunda pakati pa mabowo awiri ndikuwerengera makonzedwe awo mkati mwa gawo la kamera. Kufotokozera za zolakwika zilizonse zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kubowola mabowo, njira yosamala imatengedwa kuti izindikire pobowo ndi pakati pa mabowowo.
Dongosolo komanso amathandiza kudziwika workpiece dzenje wa symmetry wachibale ndi m'lifupi malangizo workpiece. Kupyolera mu kukonza zithunzi ndi njira zodziwira m'mphepete, dongosololi limatha kuchotsa zidziwitso zolondola komanso zomveka bwino, kuonetsetsa miyeso yodalirika.
Kuti apititse patsogolo kulondola kwa kuzindikira, makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito sub-pixel algorithm pogwiritsa ntchito kutanthauzira kwa bilinear panthawi yochotsa zithunzi. Algorithm iyi imawonjezera kusintha kwa pixel, kukhudza kukhazikika komanso kulondola kwadongosolo. Kusatsimikizika konsekonse kumasungidwa pansi pa 0.005mm.
Ndi mitundu yopitilira 1,000 yazinthu zama hinge, kukhazikitsa pamanja magawo ozindikira pagawo lililonse ndi ntchito yovuta komanso imatenga nthawi. Kuti izi zisakhale zosavuta, makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito barcode scanning kuti agawire zida zogwirira ntchito potengera zomwe zikuyenera kuzindikirika. Izi zimathandiza kuti m'zigawo zodziwikiratu za magawo kudziwika ndi facilitates malo enieni a workpiece pa kuyendera.
Pomaliza, njira yodziwira yomwe idapangidwa yatsimikizira kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti zidziwitso zazikuluzikulu zikugwira ntchito, ngakhale zilibe malire pakuzindikira masomphenya a makina. Dongosololi limapanga malipoti a ziwerengero mkati mwa mphindi, zimalimbikitsa kugwirizana ndi kusinthasintha, kusinthira ku magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso kupanga mafayilo a CAD kutengera deta yoyendera. Ndi mawonekedwe ake a intaneti a Zinthu, dongosololi limalumikizana mosasunthika ndi machitidwe opanga, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chidziwitso. Dongosololi limagwira ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika mosamala ma hinji, njanji zama slide, ndi zinthu zina zofananira, kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zomangira zapamwamba komanso zotetezeka.
Kodi mwakonzeka kutenga masewera anu a {topic} kufika pamlingo wina? Osayang'ananso patali, chifukwa munkhani yabuloguyi tikumira mozama muzinthu zonse {blog_title}. Kaya ndinu katswiri wodziwa ntchito kapena mwangoyamba kumene, konzekerani maupangiri, zidule, ndi zidziwitso zomwe zingakupangitseni kukhala olimbikitsidwa komanso olimbikitsidwa. Tiyeni tifufuze limodzi ndikupeza kuthekera konse kwa {blog_title}!
Sinthani msika ndi chilankhulo
