Ngokwengxelo ka-Efe ngoJuni 12, iNkomfa ye-12 yoMphathiswa we-World Trade Organization (WTO) yavulwa ngomhla we-12. Intlanganiso yayinethemba lokufikelela kwisivumelwano sezokuloba, isitofu esitsha sokugonya amalungelo epropathi yomenzi kunye nokhuseleko lokutya, kodwa kwakhona ixhalabile malunga nokungavisisani ngokwelizwe Le meko inokwahlula ilizwe libe ziibloko ezimbini zorhwebo.

UMlawuli-Jikelele we-WTO uNgozi Okonjo-Iweala ulumkise kumsitho wokuvula ukuba imfazwe e-Ukraine, ukungavisisani kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu kunye nokusilela kwamalungu e-WTO ukufikelela kwisivumelwano esikhulu iminyaka emininzi yenze "urhwebo olutsha. "Imfazwe ebandayo" iphinda iphakame.

Ulumkise wathi: "Ukuqhekeka kwiibhloko zorhwebo kungathetha ukuhla nge-5% kwiGDP yehlabathi."

Intlanganiso yabaphathiswa ye-WTO idla ngokubanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, kodwa ayikabanjwa phantse iminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yempembelelo yalo bhubhani. Kwiintsuku ezintathu ezizayo, iseshoni iyakufuna ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwimiba efana nokunqumamisa okwethutyana amalungelo awodwa abenzi kwizitofu ezintsha zokugonya ukukhuthaza imveliso yesitofu kumazwe asaphuhlayo.

I-Indiya kunye noMzantsi Afrika bacebise isindululo kwangoko ngo-2020, kwaye uninzi lwamazwe asakhasayo alujoyine, nangona iqela lamazwe aphuhlileyo aneshishini eliqinileyo loxubo mayeza lihlala lithandabuza.

Ukhuseleko lokutya luya kuba lolunye ugxininiso lothethathethwano. Imfazwe e-Ukraine iye yandisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okubangelwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya kunye nezichumisi, kwaye iseshoni kulindeleke ukuba ixoxisane ngamanyathelo okunciphisa ukuvalwa kokutya kunye nokuququzelela ukufikelela kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo.

Uthethwano kule ndawo lukhohlisayo kuba nangona iRashiya ibekwe yedwa kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, indlela ye-WTO ithi nawuphi na umlinganiselo kufuneka wamkelwe ngokuvumelana, oku kuthetha ukuba ilungu ngalinye (iRashiya lilungu le-WTO) line-veto, ngoko ke nayiphi na isivumelwano kubalwa eRashiya.

Imithombo yegesi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimibhobho yegesi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoomatshini ezifana neenqwelo zemoto, izitulo zeeofisi, noomatshini bemizi-mveliso. Ezi mithombo zisebenzisa irhasi yoxinzelelo ukunika amandla kunye nenkxaso kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengalo naliphi na icandelo lomatshini, imithombo yegesi inokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwexesha, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza okanye ukusilela ngokupheleleyo. Ngombulelo, ukulungisa umthombo wegesi yinkqubo elula enokuthi iqhutywe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nolwazi. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza inkqubo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo echaphazelekayo ekulungiseni umthombo wegesi.

Inyathelo loku-1: Ukuqhawula iNtwasahlobo yeGesi

Inyathelo lokuqala ekulungiseni umthombo wegesi kukuwuqhawula. Qala ngokususa umthombo wegesi kwindawo yawo yokunyuka. Oku kunokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-spanner wrench kunye ne-pry bar, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Emva kokuba intwasahlobo inqanyuliwe, kufuneka ukhulule uxinzelelo lwegesi ngaphakathi kwentwasahlobo. Lumka ngeli nyathelo, njengoko igesi inokuba yingozi. Ukukhulula uxinzelelo, cinezela intonga yepiston kancinane, uvumele igesi ukuba ibaleke.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukuchonga uMba

Emva kokuqhawula umthombo wegesi, kubalulekile ukuchonga ingxaki. Imiba eqhelekileyo ngemithombo yegesi ibandakanya amatywina avuzayo, iishafti ezonakeleyo, kunye neentsimbi zevalve ezigugileyo. Hlola ngononophelo izitywina, ishaft, kunye nevalve core ukuze ubone naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo. Ukuba ufumana icandelo elonakeleyo, kufuneka litshintshwe. Ukuba awuqinisekanga malunga nale ngxaki, kunokuba yimfuneko ukufuna uncedo lwengcali ekuxilongeni intwasahlobo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukutshintshwa kwaMalunga aneempazamo

Nje ukuba uchonge ingxaki, qhubela phambili ukubuyisela icandelo elingalunganga. Unokufumana iindawo ezitshintshileyo kwiivenkile zokubonelela ngemizi-mveliso okanye uziodole kwi-intanethi. Ukutshintsha isitywina esonakeleyo, susa isitywina esidala kwaye ufake esitsha usebenzisa isixhobo sokufakela isitywina. I-shaft eyonakalisiweyo inokutshintshwa ngokususa i-shaft endala kwaye ifake entsha ngoncedo lwe-shaft press. Undoqo wevalve egugileyo unokutshintshwa ngokukhulula endala kunye nokuthunga kumbindi wevalve entsha.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukudityaniswa kwakhona komthombo weGesi

Ngenxalenye yokutshintshwa endaweni, lixesha lokudibanisa kwakhona umthombo wegesi. Qala ngokubeka kwakhona intonga yepiston kwaye ufake izixhobo zokugqibela. Qinisekisa ukuba yonke into iqhotyoshelwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Emva koko, cinezela intonga yepiston ukunyanzela igesi ukuba ibuyele kwisilinda. Emva kokuba umthombo wegesi ucinezelekile, khulula intonga yepiston ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ekugqibeleni, phinda udibanise umthombo wegesi kwindawo yawo yokunyuka.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Uvavanyo

Isinyathelo sokugqibela ekulungiseni umthombo wegesi kubandakanya ukuvavanywa ngokucokisekileyo. Ukuvavanya umthombo wegesi, uxhomekeke kumandla enzelwe ukuxhasa. Ukuba i-gas spring yisihlalo seofisi okanye i-trunk yemoto, hlala esihlalweni okanye uvule kwaye uvale i-trunk ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthombo wegesi unika amandla okwaneleyo. Ukuba umthombo werhasi ngowoomatshini boshishino, vavanya oomatshini ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo ngokufanelekileyo kunye nomthombo wegesi okhoyo.

Ukulungisa umthombo wegesi yinkqubo ethe ngqo enokuthi ifezekiswe ngezixhobo ezincinci kunye nolwazi. Ngokulandela la manyathelo achazwe kweli nqaku, ungagcina imali kwiindawo ezitshintshiweyo kwaye ugcine ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zakho zoomatshini. Soloko uthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenza ngegesi ecinezelweyo kwaye ufune uncedo lobuchwephesha ukuba awuqinisekanga malunga nengxaki okanye indlela yokuyilungisa.

Isishwankathelo, imithombo yegesi zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nolwazi, ukulungisa i-gas spring ngumsebenzi olula onokuthi wenziwe ngokulandela inkqubo yesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo. Ngokuqhafaza isiphethu segesi, ukuchonga umba, ukubuyisela amacandelo angalunganga, ukudibanisa kwakhona intwasahlobo, kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo, unokwandisa ubomi bemithombo yakho yegesi kwaye uqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zakho zoomatshini. Khumbula ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko kwaye ufune uncedo lwengcali ukuba luyimfuneko.

Ukuduma kwe-DIY: Isikhokelo sokuKhetha iiHinge zeKhabhinethi eziLungileyo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umkhwa weeprojekthi ze-DIY ufumene umtsalane obalulekileyo, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bekhetha ukuthatha izinto ezandleni zabo. Xa kuziwa kwiikhabhathi, enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka abathandi be-DIY banikele ingqalelo kuyo yihinge yekhabhinethi. Ngaphambi kokuthenga ihenjisi, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ngokusekelwe kwipaneli yomnyango kunye neendawo zepaneli ezisecaleni.

Iihenjisi zeKhabhinethi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili: isigqubuthelo esipheleleyo, isigqubuthelo esisisiqingatha, kwaye akukho zihenjisi zokugquma. Ihenjisi yokugquma epheleleyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yihenjisi yengalo ethe tye, isetyenziswa xa iphaneli yocango igubungele icala elithe nkqo lekhabhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hinge yokugubungela isiqingatha ifanelekile xa iphaneli yomnyango igubungela kuphela isiqingatha secala lekhabhinethi. Okokugqibela, ihenjisi enkulu yokugoba isetyenziswa xa iphaneli yomnyango ingagubungeli icala lekhabhinethi kwaphela.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwekhava epheleleyo, isigqubuthelo sesiqingatha, kunye neehenjisi ezinkulu zokugoba kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zekhabhinethi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abasebenzi bokuhombisa bakhetha iihenjisi ezigqunywe ngesiqingatha, ngelixa iikhabhathi ezenziwe ngokwesiqhelo ezivela kwiifektri zihlala zisebenzisa iihenjisi zokugquma ngokupheleleyo.

Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili zokuthatha malunga neehenjisi kwiikhabhathi kunye nefenitshala:

1. Iihenjisi zizinto ze-hardware eziyimfuneko kwiikhabhinethi kunye nefenitshala, ezenza ukuba zibe zezona zinto zisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo.

2. Amaxabiso ehenjisi ahluka ukusuka kwiisenti ezimbalwa ukuya kumashumi e-yuan. Ukutyala imali kwiihenjisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ifenitshala kunye neekhabhinethi.

3. Iihenjisi zinokuhlelwa ngokweehenjisi eziqhelekileyo kunye neehenjisi zokumanzisa, kwaye ezokugqibela zahlulwe ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Iihenjisi ezahlukeneyo zinemathiriyeli eyahlukileyo, ukusetyenzwa, kunye noluhlu lwamaxabiso.

4. Xa ukhetha ihenjisi, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imathiriyeli kunye nokuziva ngokubanzi. Ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luvumela, iihenjisi zokudambisa i-hydraulic ziyacetyiswa, kunye ne-Hettich kunye ne-Aosite ziimpawu ezithembekileyo. Iihenjisi zangaphandle ezimanzi kufuneka ziphetshwe, njengoko zivame ukuphulukana nomgangatho wazo wokudambisa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

5. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizikhundla zeepaneli zomnyango kunye neepaneli zecala, iihenjisi zingahlelwa njengekhava elipheleleyo, i-half cover, okanye i-bend enkulu. Ukuhombisa iikhabhathi ezenziwe ngabasebenzi, iihenjisi ezisisiqingatha zokugquma zidla ngokusetyenziswa, ngelixa iifektri zekhabhathi zikholisa ukusebenzisa iihenjisi ezigqume ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi.

Ukuzibophelela kwethu ekubeni ngomnye wabavelisi abaphambili kushishino kuhlala kungagungqi. Utyelelo lwabathengi, olufana nolu lukhankanywe kweli nqaku, luxabiseke kakhulu kuthi, njengoko lusivumela ukuba siziqonde ngcono iimfuno zabathengi bethu kwaye siseke intembeko eyomeleleyo. Oku ke, konyusa ukhuphiswano lwethu kwihlabathi liphela.

I-AOSITE Hardware ngumdlali obalaseleyo wasekhaya kushishino kwaye uzuze ukuqondwa kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela ngokufumana izatifikethi ezahlukeneyo ekhaya naphesheya.

Ukuqukumbela, njengoko umkhwa we-DIY uqhubeka nokunyuka, kubalulekile ukuba uziqonde kakuhle iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeehenjisi zekhabhathi ezikhoyo. Ngokwenza ukhetho olunolwazi kunye nokutyala imali kwiihenjisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, abathanda i-DIY banokuqinisekisa impumelelo kunye nokusebenza kweeprojekthi zabo.

Ukwanda kokuthandwa kweehenjisi zehydraulic ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso ifanitshala kukhokelele kukwanda kwabavelisi abangena emarikeni. Nangona kunjalo, icala elisezantsi koku kuthontelana kukuba abathengi abaninzi baye bakhalaza ngomsebenzi wehydraulic weehenjisi ezinxitywayo kamsinya nje emva kokuthenga. Oku kubangele ilahleko yokuthembana phakathi kwabathengi kwaye kuyonakalisa ukukhula kwemarike. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, kubalulekile ukongamela kunye nokuxela abavelisi abavelisa iimveliso zomgunyathi okanye ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Ukongeza, kubalulekile kuthi njengabavelisi ukubeka phambili umgangatho weemveliso zethu, ukufaka ukuzithemba kunye nokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso kubathengi bethu abaxabisekileyo.

Ukwahlula phakathi kweehenjisi zehydraulic zokwenyani kunye nezobuxoki kulucelomngeni kuba kuthatha ixesha ukuze ukusebenza kokwenyani kubonakale. Ke, kucetyiswa ukuba abathengi bakhethe abathengisi abathembekileyo abanerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho xa kuthengwa iihenjisi zehydraulic. EShandong Friendship Machinery, sabelana ngale nkolelo kwaye sizame ukubonelela abathengi ngeemveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho. Umgca wethu wemveliso ophucukileyo kunye nokuzithemba okungagungqiyo ekuboneleleni kwethu ngehenjisi bubungqina bokuzibophelela kwethu kumsebenzisi osebenzisekayo, ophendulayo, othembekileyo, osebenzayo kunye neemveliso ezikhuselekileyo.

Bhala kwakhona inqaku:

Xa kuziwa ekuvaleni iingcango, iihenjisi ezisetyenzisiweyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni amava agudileyo kwaye akhululekile. Ngelixa iihenjisi eziqhelekileyo zinokuvaleka ngokulula, iihenjisi ezimanzi zibonelela ngesindululo esilawulwayo nesicothayo, ukunciphisa amandla empembelelo nokudala isiphumo esimnandi ngakumbi sokuvala. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abavelisi befenitshala bakhetha ukuphucula kwiihenjisi ezimanzi okanye basebenzise njengendawo ephambili yokuthengisa.

Kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo abathenga iikhabhinethi okanye ifenitshala, ukufumanisa ubukho behinge emanzi kunokuba lula njengokutyhala kunye nokutsala umnyango ngesandla. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lokwenyani lwehenjisi emanzi lulele ekusebenzeni kwayo xa uvala ucango. Xa ucango luvaleka ngesithonga esikhulu, oko kubonisa ukuba iihenjisi azinamgaqo ofanayo wokusebenza njengehenjisi ezinesakhono sokuzivalela ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngaphezu koko, uluhlu lwamaxabiso ezi ntlobo zimbini zeehenjisi zihluke kakhulu.

Xa ukhangela iihenjisi zokudambisa, kuyacaca ukuba iinkcazo ezibonelelweyo ziyafana njengoko zonke ziwela phantsi kwegama leambrela elithi "damping hinge." Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo, itekhnoloji, kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza esetyenziswa kwezi hinges iyahluka, nto leyo ekhokelela kumaxabiso ahlukileyo.

Olunye uhlobo lwehenjisi yokumanzisa yihenjisi yangaphandle ye-damper, ene-damper yangaphandle edityaniswe kwihenjisi eqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lwe-damper luqhelekile ukuba lufakwe umoya okanye luthintelwe entwasahlobo. Nangona le ndlela isetyenzisiwe ixesha elithile, ithathwa njengephelelwe lixesha njengoko ixabiso liphantsi kwaye ubomi benkonzo bufutshane. Kwisithuba sonyaka omnye okanye emibini yokusetyenziswa, umphumo wokudambisa uyancipha ngenxa yokudinwa kwesinyithi, unika ihenjisi ingasebenzi.

Ukunikezelwa kwexabiso eliphezulu leehenjisi zokumanzisa xa kuthelekiswa neehenjisi eziqhelekileyo, abavelisi abaninzi sele beqalisile ukuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, imakethi izaliswe ziihenjisi ezimanzi zomgangatho owahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi zichaphazeleka kwimiba efana nokuvuza kweoyile okanye ukugqabhuka kweesilinda zehydraulic. Ngenxa yoko, abathengi banokufumana iihenjisi zabo zokudambisa ziphulukana nokusebenza kwazo kolwelo loxinzelelo olukhulu emva konyaka omnye okanye emibini yokusetyenziswa.

Ukuqukumbela, ukhetho phakathi kweehenjisi eziqhelekileyo kunye neehenjisi ezimanzi zichaphazela kakhulu amava okuvala eminyango. Ngemfuno ekhulayo yeehenjisi ezimanzi, kubalulekile ukuba abathengi baqaphele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwimarike. Ngokuqonda izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, itekhnoloji, kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza emva kweehenjisi ezimanzi, abathengi banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye baphephe ukuthenga iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi ezinokuphulukana nokusebenza kwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

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