Ngokuqhambuka okuphindaphindiweyo kobhubhani omtsha wesithsaba, ibe yinyani engaguqukiyo yokuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi luya kuqhubeka nokuhla kwixesha elifutshane. Ii-odolo zoshishino zaqhubeka zinciphisa, iifektri zachithwa ngamanani amakhulu, kwaye amandla enkcitho yabantu aqhubeka ehla, okwenza i-real estate industry, eyayisele isondele ekuweni, ngakumbi, kwaye isengozini yokuwa. Ishishini lezinto zokwakha zasekhaya lonke lachaphazeleka kakhulu.

Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, uHuawei, umzalwana omkhulu kwishishini lezonxibelelwano, elinxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nobomi bemihla ngemihla babantu, unamandla anamandla emali kunye nobugcisa, kwaye sele eqalile ukulungiselela ubusika phantsi kwemiyalelo kaMnu. Ren.

Kwelinye icala, itshintshe indlela yokucinga kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo weshishini, kwaye yasuka ekulandeleni isikali ukuya ekulandeleni inzuzo kunye nokuphuma kwemali, ukuze iqinisekise ukuba iyakusinda kule ntlekele kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. Kwelinye icala, ukusinda yeyona nkqubo iphambili, kwaye amashishini asemacaleni ayacutheka kwaye avaliwe kwibhodi yonke, edlulisa i-chill kuye wonke umntu.

"Iminyaka emithathu", njengethuba lokwenza inzuzo yeshishini, kubonakala ngathi idlule ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso. Ukuba ithathwa njengexesha lelahleko, iya kuba sisithuba esingenakoyiswa kuninzi lwamashishini okuvelisa anengeniso ephantsi. Indlela yokuphila kule minyaka mithathu izayo, nokuba ikumgangatho ophezulu, ibe ngumbuzo ekufuneka inkokeli nganye icinge nzulu ngawo.

Ukomelela kunye namandla-uluntu lwamashishini aseBritane lunethemba malunga namathemba oqoqosho lwaseTshayina(2)

Umbutho wabaLawuli baseBritane wasekwa ngo-1903 kwaye ungomnye wemibutho yoshishino edumileyo e-UK. UJohn McLean, usihlalo omtsha weSebe laseLondon leBhodi yabalawuli baseBrithani, wathi imarike yaseTshayina ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani zaseBrithani kwaye ukholelwa ukuba la macala mabini aya kuqinisa intsebenziswano kwiindawo ezininzi.

UMcLean uthe iBritane ishiya i-European Union, iinkampani zaseBritane kufuneka "zijonge empuma." Uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye kukho amaqela abathengi abakumgangatho ophakathi, onomtsalane kakhulu kwiinkampani zaseBritane. Ngokuchacha ngokuthe ngcembe kweshishini lezokhenketho kubhubhani omtsha wesithsaba kunye nokwanda okuthe chu kutshintshiselwano lwabasebenzi, i-UK neTshayina ziya komeleza ngakumbi intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho.

Ethetha ngemimandla enokubakho yentsebenziswano phakathi kweBritane neTshayina, uMcLean uthe la mazwe mabini anamathuba abanzi entsebenziswano kwiinkalo zezimali zehlabathi kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, ishishini eliluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo.

UWilliam Russell, usodolophu weSixeko saseLondon, uthe kudliwano-ndlebe ukuba iSixeko saseLondon sijonge ukugcina ubudlelwane obuluqilima kunye namaziko afanelekileyo aseTshayina kunye nokukhuthaza ngokubambisana intsebenziswano yezemali eluhlaza.

Ethetha ngeshishini lezemali laseTshayina livuleleka ngakumbi, uRussell wathi ziindaba ezimnandi ezi. “Sinethemba lokuba njengoko ucango (oluvulayo) luvuleka ngakumbi nangakumbi, siyaqhubeka nokusebenzisana neTshayina. Sinethemba lokuba iinkampani ezininzi zezimali zaseTshayina ziza kuza eLondon ukuza kuseka iiofisi. "

Imithombo yegesi idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoomatshini, nokuba isezitulo zeofisi okanye koomatshini abanzima. Ezi zixhobo ezintsha zisebenzisa igesi yenitrogen ecinezelweyo ukuvelisa amandla kunye nokunceda ukuhamba kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini. Kweli nqaku libanzi, siza kugocagoca kwindlela esebenza ngayo imithombo yegesi, kuquka ulwakhiwo, amacandelo kunye nemisebenzi.

Ukwakhiwa kwemithombo yeGesi

Ukwakhiwa kwemithombo yegesi ngokuthe ngqo, kubandakanya isilinda esizaliswe yigesi yenitrogen, intonga yepiston kunye nepiston. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, i-cylinder inokwenziwa kwinsimbi engenasici, iplastiki, okanye i-aluminium, kwaye ivalwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Intonga yepiston ifakwe kwi-cylinder, kunye nepiston efakwe ekupheleni kwayo. Ipiston ifakwe ivalve elawula ukuhamba kwegesi yenitrogen phakathi kwecylinder kunye nepiston.

Amacandelo eMithombo yeGesi

Imithombo yegesi ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili: isilinda, intonga yepiston, kunye nepiston. Ngalinye lala macandelo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wonke we-gas spring.

Isilinda: Isilinda sisebenza njengeyona nto iphambili kwimithombo yegesi, igcina igesi yenitrogen kwaye iyigcine phantsi koxinzelelo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeesilinda, ezinjengezinsimbi ezingenasici kwiindawo ezinobungozi okanye i-aluminium counterparts kwizicelo ezinobunzima, zisetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile.

Intonga yePiston: Ukuqhagamshela ipiston kubo bonke oomatshini, intonga yepiston iqhele ukwenziwa ngentsimbi engatyiwayo okanye ialuminiyam. Ukuphucula ubomi bayo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhuhlana, intonga yepiston inokugquma okanye ukupolisha.

I-Piston: Ngokungathandabuzekiyo eyona nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu, ipiston ilawula ukuhamba kwegesi yenitrogen phakathi kwe-cylinder kunye ne-piston rod. Uyilo lwayo luqinisekisa ukuba i-cylinder ivalwe, ikhusela nayiphi na igesi evuzayo. Ukongeza, i-piston inokuxhotyiswa ngevalve ukulungelelanisa uxinzelelo lwegesi, okwenza ukuba i-gas spring ikwazi ukufumana imithwalo eyahlukeneyo.

Imisebenzi yeGesi Springs

Imithombo yegesi yenza imisebenzi emininzi ephambili kwizicelo zoomatshini:

1. Ukunyanzeliswa kwesiZukulwana: Le mithombo ivelisa amandla okuphakamisa nokuxhasa oomatshini abanzima.

2. Ukulawulwa kweMovement: Imithombo yegesi ilawula ukushukuma kwamalungu oomatshini, njengeengcango kunye nezikhewu.

3. Ukuncitshiswa kweVibration: Badambisa ukungcangcazela koomatshini ngexesha lokusebenza, beqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

4. Ukhuseleko: Kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo ezifana nezitulo ezilungelelanisiweyo, imithombo yerhasi inqanda iintshukumo zesiquphe nezingalindelekanga ezinokuthi zibangele ukwenzakala koomatshini.

Indlela iGesi Springs esebenza ngayo

Ukusebenza kwemithombo yegesi kulula noko kodwa kuyasebenza. Xa umthwalo usetyenziswe kwintonga yepiston, igxotha i-piston ngaphakathi kwe-cylinder, icinezela igesi ye-nitrogen. Njengoko irhasi icinezelwa, isebenzisa amandla kwipiston, ivelisa amandla. La mandla ke agqithiselwa kwi-piston rod, iququzelele intshukumo kumatshini.

Xa umthwalo ususiwe, igesi ecinezelweyo iyanda, ivumela ipiston ukuba ibuyele kwindawo yayo yokuqala. Le nkqubo ye-cyclic iyaqhubeka lo gama nje umthwalo ukhoyo, okubangela ukunyakaza okulawulwayo kunye nokungenamthungo koomatshini.

Ukulungelelanisa iMithombo yeGesi

Imithombo yegesi inokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze ikwazi ukulungiselela imithwalo eyahlukeneyo. Olu hlengahlengiso lwenziwa ngokulawula ivalve ngaphakathi kwepiston. Ngokuguqula i-valve, uxinzelelo lwegesi lunokunyuswa okanye luncitshiswe, ekugqibeleni luchaphazela amandla okwenziwa ngumthombo wegesi. Uhlengahlengiso lunokwenziwa ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile.

Izinto eziluncedo kwimithombo yeGesi

Imithombo yegesi ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kunezinye izisombululo:

1. Ukuqina: Le mithombo ixinene ngobukhulu kwaye inokudityaniswa ngaphandle komgudu koomatshini.

2. Ukuguquguquka: Imithombo yegesi inento eninzi kakhulu kwaye inokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoomatshini.

3. Ukuqina: Yakhelwe ukuhlala ixesha elide, imithombo yegesi yakhiwe ukumelana nemekobume erhabaxa kunye nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide.

4. Ukuhamba okuLawulwayo: Imithombo yegesi ibonelela ngentshukumo elawulwayo, egudileyo, nenokuxelwa kwangaphambili, ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kokhuseleko kunye nokuchaneka.

Imithombo yerhasi ibambe iindima eziyimfuneko koomatshini bale mihla, inika intaphane yeenzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye izisombululo. Bavelisa amandla, baququzelele intshukumo, banciphise ukungcangcazela, kwaye baqinisekise ukhuseleko kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini. Ukuqonda ulwakhiwo, amacandelo, kunye nemisebenzi yemithombo yerhasi kubalulekile ekukhetheni olona khetho lufanelekileyo kwisicelo esinikiweyo. Ngokuqhubela phambili kwezixhobo kunye neendlela zokuvelisa, imithombo yegesi iyaqhubeka nokuvela, ithembisa izisombululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo kwixesha elizayo.

Imithombo yerhasi, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziigesi zegesi, ukunyuswa kwerhasi, okanye ukothuka kwerhasi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwifanitshala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemoto. Ezi zixhobo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuvulwa nokuvalwa okugudileyo kweendlela ngelixa zibonelela ngenkxaso kwimithwalo enzima. Nangona imithombo yerhasi isaziwa ngokuthembeka kwayo, inokufumana imiba efana namandla agqithisileyo okanye ukuwohloka ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha indlela yokulungelelanisa imithombo yegesi ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuxilonga iingxaki eziqhelekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokwenza naluphi na uhlengahlengiso, kubalulekile ukuchonga kunye nokuxilonga imiba eyingxaki ngemithombo yegesi. Oku kubalulekile ekufumaneni esona sisombululo silungileyo kunye nokuphepha uhlengahlengiso olungeyomfuneko. Eminye imiba eqhelekileyo ngemithombo yerhasi ibandakanya amandla angonelanga, amandla agqithisileyo, kunye nokudodobala. Amandla anganeleyo ayenzeka xa i-gas spring igcwele kakhulu kwaye ingenawo amandla okuphakamisa nokuxhasa ubunzima. Amandla agqithisileyo anokuba yingozi yokhuseleko njengoko inokonakalisa izinto eziphathekayo okanye ibangele ukulimala. I-sagging ingenzeka ngenxa yokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa okanye ukuguga kunye nokukrazula.

Ukulungelelaniswa kwemithombo yegesi kuxhomekeke kwimveliso yabo yamandla, enokuthi igqitywe yinkcazo yomenzi okanye ileyibhile efakwe kwi-cylinder. Ukunciphisa amandla omthombo wegesi, qalisa ngokukhulula ivalve yokulungisa. Unokwenza oku ngokusebenzisa i-1/8 ukujika kunye ne-wrench ehlengahlengiswayo. Ukukhulula i-valve kunciphisa ukuhamba kwegesi, ukunciphisa amandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwandisa amandla, qinisa i-valve yokulungelelanisa ngokufaka i-clockwise 1/8 ukujika. Kubalulekile ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kunye novavanyo ngaphambi kokuphinda inkqubo.

I-Sagging ngumba oqhelekileyo kunye nemithombo yegesi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukulungelelanisa ukuthoba, ezinye iiplani zegesi zinepini ehlengahlengiswayo kwi-cylinder. Ungaqinisa le pin usebenzisa i-Allen wrench. Ngokwenza njalo, unyusa ukuxhatshazwa kwentwasahlobo, ukunciphisa ukugoba. Ukongezelela, unokuhlengahlengisa ubude bomthombo wegesi ngokuwandisa ngokuzeleyo, ukukhulula uxinzelelo, kwaye emva koko ulinganise kwaye ubuyisele kubude bokuqala usebenzisa iipliers ezihlengahlengiswayo. Ubude be-stroke bunokulungiswa ngokuguqula ivalve yokulawula i-counterclockwise ukunciphisa i-stroke okanye i-clockwise ukuyinyusa.

Ukuqukumbela, kuyabonakala ukuba imithombo yerhasi inokwethenjelwa kwaye iluncedo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, uhlengahlengiso lunokufuneka ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezithile okanye kulungiswe imiba efana nokudodobala. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kwaye ufune uncedo lobuchwephesha xa ujongene nemithombo yegesi emikhulu okanye enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba imithombo yegesi iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkonzo ethembekileyo neyonga imali.

Imithombo yegesi idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukuhambisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokungaguqukiyo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukubonelela ngentshukumo elawulwayo kunye nokuxhasa imithwalo enzima kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kwifanitshala kunye nezicelo zeemoto. Nokuba kukuvula nokuvalwa okugudileyo kocango lwekhabhathi okanye kukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwesiqu semoto, imithombo yegesi iqinisekisa ukuba ezi ndlela zisebenza ngokulula.

Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, imithombo yegesi inokufumana imiba enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo. Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukungonelanga kwamandla, apho intwasahlobo igcwele kakhulu kwaye ayikwazi ukuphakamisa nokuxhasa ubunzima obuyilelwe. Oku kunokukhokelela kumatshini okusilelayo ukuvula ngokupheleleyo okanye ukutsala nzima phantsi komthwalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla amaninzi anokuba yingxaki ngokulinganayo, enokubangela umonakalo kwizinto okanye ukubeka ingozi yokulimala.

Omnye umba onokuvela ngemithombo yegesi kukudodobala. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa okanye ukugqoka kunye nokukrazula. I-Sagging inokubangela ukuba iingcango okanye izivalo zijinga phantsi kunokuba zifunwa, zibeke esichengeni ukusebenza kunye nobuhle.

Ukujongana nale miba ngokufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuxilonga ingxaki ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqonda unobangela osisiseko kuvumela uhlengahlengiso olujolisiweyo olubuyisela ukusebenza kakuhle. Phambi kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho, kubalulekile ukubhekisa kwiinkcukacha zomenzi kunye nezikhokelo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangaphakathi kweeparamitha ezicetyiswayo.

Ukunciphisa amandla okukhutshwa kwegesi yegesi, i-valve yokulungelelanisa kufuneka ikhululwe kancinci. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ngononophelo i-1/8 yokujika i-counterclockwise kunye ne-wrench ehlengahlengiswayo. Ngokwenza njalo, ukuhamba kwegesi kuyancipha, okubangelwa amandla okunciphisa. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukunyusa amandla ombane, i-1/8 ijika i-clockwise i-valve yokulungelelanisa iyafuneka. Kubalulekile ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluncinci ngexesha kwaye uvavanye indlela ngaphambi kokuphinda inkqubo. Oku kuvumela ukulungiswa kakuhle kwaye kuthintele ukuhlawulela ngokugqithiseleyo, okunokukhokelela kwimiba eyongezelelweyo.

Ukuntywila kwimithombo yegesi kaninzi kunokulungiswa ngokuhlengahlengisa uxinezeleko. Olunye uyilo lwe-gas spring lubonisa i-pin ehlengahlengiswayo kwi-cylinder enokuthi iqiniswe ngokusebenzisa i-wrench ye-Allen. Oku kwandisa uxinzelelo entwasahlobo, ukuchasana nokuncipha. Ukongeza, ubude bomthombo wegesi bunokutshintshwa ukuze kulungiswe i-sagging. Ukwandisa intwasahlobo ukuya kulwandiso olupheleleyo kunciphisa uxinzelelo, kwaye emva koko ukulinganisa kunye nokusetha kwakhona kubude bokuqala usebenzisa iipliers ezihlengahlengiswayo kunokubuyisela ukusebenza kakuhle. Ubude be-stroke bunokulungiswa kwakhona ngokuguqula i-valve yokulawula i-clockwise ukunciphisa i-stroke okanye i-clockwise ukuyinyusa, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo.

Ukuqukumbela, imithombo yegesi ithembekile kwaye iyinkqubo esebenzayo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwifenitshala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemoto. Ngelixa banokufumana imiba ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zinokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nohlengahlengiso. Ngokulandela izikhokelo zomenzi, ukwenza utshintsho oluchanekileyo, kunye nokufuna uncedo lwengcali xa kuyimfuneko, ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza kwemithombo yegesi kunokwandiswa. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweenkcukacha kuqinisekisa ukuba imithombo yegesi iyaqhubeka nokunikezela ngenkonzo ethembekileyo neyonga imali.

Njengoko abantu abaninzi besamkela indlela ye-DIY (Yenza-ngokwakho), abaninzi bathatha umngeni wokwakha nokuhlaziya iikhabhathi zabo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthenga iihenjisi kwikhabhinethi yakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kunye nendlela eyahluka ngayo ngokusekelwe kwindawo yomnyango kunye neepaneli ezisecaleni.

Iihenjisi zingahlelwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: isigqubuthelo esipheleleyo, isigqubuthelo esisisiqingatha, kunye nokugoba okukhulu. Makhe sihlolisise ngakumbi uhlobo ngalunye kunye nendlela yokubona ukuba yeyiphi efanelekileyo kwikhabhinethi yakho.

Ihenjisi yesigqubuthelo esipheleleyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yihenjisi yengalo ethe tye, yenzelwe ipaneli yocango evala ngokupheleleyo icala elithe nkqo lekhabhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihinge yesigqubuthelo sesiqingatha senzelwe ipaneli yomnyango egubungela kuphela isiqingatha secala lekhabhinethi. Ekugqibeleni, i-hinge enkulu yokugoba isetyenziswa xa iphaneli yomnyango ingagubungeli icala lekhabhinethi nonke.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwekhava epheleleyo, isigqubuthelo esisisiqingatha, kunye neehenjisi ezinkulu zokugoba kuxhomekeke kwiphaneli yecala lekhabhinethi yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukhulu bepaneli yecala buvela kwi-16-18mm. Iphaneli yecala lokugquma ijikeleze i-6-9mm ubukhulu, ngelixa uhlobo lwe-inlay luthetha ukuba ipaneli yomnyango kunye nepaneli yecala zikwinqwelomoya enye.

Ngokwenyani, ukuba ikhabhinethi yakho yakhiwe ngumhombi oyingcali, iya kuba nesiqingatha seehenjisi zokugquma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhetha ikhabhinethi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ukusuka kumzi-mveliso wobuchwephesha, iya kuza neehenjisi ezigcweleyo zokugquma.

Ngamafutshane, nazi iingongoma eziphambili malunga neehenjisi:

1. Iihenjisi ziyimfuneko yehardware yeekhabhathi kunye nefenitshala, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

2. Uluhlu lwexabiso lweehenjisi luhluka kakhulu, ukusuka kwiisenti ezimbalwa ukuya kwishumi le-yuan, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho kunye neempawu. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kwefenitshala kunye neekhabhathi zihlala zibandakanya ukutyala imali kwiihenjisi ezikumgangatho ongcono.

3. Iihenjisi zinokuhlelwa njengeehenjisi eziqhelekileyo kunye neehenjisi ezimanzi. Iihenjisi zokudambisa zinokuphinda zohlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Iihenjisi ezahlukeneyo zinokukhethwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ubugcisa kunye namaxabiso.

4. Xa ukhetha iihenjisi, qaphela kakhulu izinto kunye nomgangatho. Ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho luyakuvumela, khetha i-hydraulic damping hinges, ezifana nezo zinikezelwa nguHettich kunye ne-Aosite. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthintele iihenjisi zokudambisa zangaphandle njengoko zidla ngokuphulukana nesiphumo sokudambisa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

5. Ukongeza kwiintlobo zeehinge, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indawo yeepaneli zomnyango kunye neepaneli zecala. Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokukhetha: i-cover epheleleyo, i-half cover, kunye ne-bend enkulu. Abahombisi bahlala besebenzisa ihenjisi yesigqubuthelo esisisiqingatha, ngelixa iifektri zekhabhinethi zihlala zithanda iihenjisi ezigqume ngokupheleleyo.

Khumbula, ukhetho lweehenjisi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nobuhle beekhabhathi zakho. Ke, nokuba uqalisa iprojekthi ye-DIY okanye ufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha, iihenjisi zokuqonda ngundoqo ekuphumezeni iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeehenjisi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela iinkcukacha kunye nemilinganiselo phambi kokuthenga. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeehenjisi zenzelwe izicelo ezahlukeneyo, ke qiniseka ukuba wenza uphando lwakho ngaphambi kokuthenga.