Aosite, kuyambira 1993
Sungani zambiri
M'zaka zamakampani, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa makamaka opanga ogula-middlemen-terminal. Pali magulu ambiri apakati. Nzosadabwitsa kuti iwo ali mlingo wani, awiri ndi khumi. Kuthekera ndi luso la kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zitha kuganiziridwa.
Zaka za data
Mtundu woyamba ndiwopanganso ogula-mkhalapakati-omaliza, koma mkhalapakati ali pamilingo iwiri; mtundu wachiwiri, deta imadutsa mwachindunji pakati pa ogula ndi opanga ma terminal.
Kukonza deta
Mwachitsanzo, ndemanga zochokera kwa ogula m'zaka za mafakitale zasonkhanitsidwa ndi magulu osawerengeka apakati, ndipo pamapeto pake kwa opanga ma terminal. Munthawi ya data, pali oyimira ochepa ndipo liwiro lotumizira limakhala lothamanga kwambiri. Zapamwamba kwambiri ndikuti ogula ndi opanga ma terminal alumikizana kale ndi data.
Kufalitsa deta
Zothandiza zenizeni zokha zitha kutchedwa deta. M'zaka zamakampani, kufalitsa deta, ndife opanga ma terminal ku media zachikhalidwe, titha kudutsa pagulu laotsatsa, kenako kudzera kwa oyimira pakati kwa ogula athu.
M'zaka za data, opanga ma terminal amapita kwa ogula, kapena opanga ma terminal amapita kwa ogula kudzera muzofalitsa zatsopano, kapena opanga ma terminal amapitabe kwa ogula kudzera pazofalitsa zachikhalidwe.
Makampani a Frontier muzaka za data atsegula mndandanda wonse wamakampani ndi deta yonse.