Ngokwengxelo ka-Efe ngoJuni 12, iNkomfa ye-12 yoMphathiswa we-World Trade Organization (WTO) yavulwa ngomhla we-12. Intlanganiso yayinethemba lokufikelela kwisivumelwano sezokuloba, isitofu esitsha sokugonya amalungelo epropathi yomenzi kunye nokhuseleko lokutya, kodwa kwakhona ixhalabile malunga nokungavisisani ngokwelizwe Le meko inokwahlula ilizwe libe ziibloko ezimbini zorhwebo.

UMlawuli-Jikelele we-WTO uNgozi Okonjo-Iweala ulumkise kumsitho wokuvula ukuba imfazwe e-Ukraine, ukungavisisani kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu kunye nokusilela kwamalungu e-WTO ukufikelela kwisivumelwano esikhulu iminyaka emininzi yenze "urhwebo olutsha. "Imfazwe ebandayo" iphinda iphakame.

Ulumkise wathi: "Ukuqhekeka kwiibhloko zorhwebo kungathetha ukuhla nge-5% kwiGDP yehlabathi."

Intlanganiso yabaphathiswa ye-WTO idla ngokubanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, kodwa ayikabanjwa phantse iminyaka emihlanu ngenxa yempembelelo yalo bhubhani. Kwiintsuku ezintathu ezizayo, iseshoni iyakufuna ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwimiba efana nokunqumamisa okwethutyana amalungelo awodwa abenzi kwizitofu ezintsha zokugonya ukukhuthaza imveliso yesitofu kumazwe asaphuhlayo.

I-Indiya kunye noMzantsi Afrika bacebise isindululo kwangoko ngo-2020, kwaye uninzi lwamazwe asakhasayo alujoyine, nangona iqela lamazwe aphuhlileyo aneshishini eliqinileyo loxubo mayeza lihlala lithandabuza.

Ukhuseleko lokutya luya kuba lolunye ugxininiso lothethathethwano. Imfazwe e-Ukraine iye yandisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okubangelwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya kunye nezichumisi, kwaye iseshoni kulindeleke ukuba ixoxisane ngamanyathelo okunciphisa ukuvalwa kokutya kunye nokuququzelela ukufikelela kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo.

Uthethwano kule ndawo lukhohlisayo kuba nangona iRashiya ibekwe yedwa kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, indlela ye-WTO ithi nawuphi na umlinganiselo kufuneka wamkelwe ngokuvumelana, oku kuthetha ukuba ilungu ngalinye (iRashiya lilungu le-WTO) line-veto, ngoko ke nayiphi na isivumelwano kubalwa eRashiya.

Uqikelelo lwe-UNCTAD: IJapan iya kuzuza kakhulu emva kokuba i-RCEP iqala ukusebenza

Ngokwengxelo kaNihon Keizai Shimbun ngoDisemba 16, iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo kunye noPhuhliso yakhupha iziphumo zayo zokubala ngomhla we-15. Ngokumalunga neSivumelwano soQoqosho oluBanzi lweSithili (i-RCEP) esaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2022, phakathi kwamazwe angama-15 athatha inxaxheba kwisivumelwano, iJapan iya kuzuza kakhulu ekuthotyweni kwerhafu. Kulindeleke ukuba ukuthunyelwa kweJapan kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe akulo mmandla kunyuke nge-5.5% ngo-2019.

Iziphumo zokubala zibonisa ukuba, ngokukhuthazwa yimiba efanelekileyo efana nokuthotywa kwerhafu, urhwebo phakathi kommandla kulindeleke ukuba lunyuke nge-US$42 yeebhiliyoni. Malunga nama-25 eebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika koku sisiphumo sokutshintsha ukusuka ngaphandle kommandla ukuya ngaphakathi kommandla. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusayinwa kwe-RCEP kwazala i-17 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika kurhwebo olutsha.

Ingxelo yabonisa ukuba i-48% yokwanda kwexabiso lorhwebo lwangaphakathi kwi-US $ 42 yebhiliyoni, okanye malunga ne-US $ 20 yebhiliyoni, iya kunceda iJapan. Ukususwa kwamaxabiso kumalungu eemoto, iimveliso zentsimbi, iimveliso zemichiza kunye nezinye iimveliso kubangele amazwe akulo mmandla ukuba angenise iimveliso zaseJapan ezininzi.

INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo kunye noPhuhliso ikholelwa ukuba nakwimeko yobhubhani omtsha wesithsaba, urhwebo lwangaphakathi lwe-RCEP aluchaphazeleki kangako, lugxininisa ukubaluleka kokufikelela kwisivumelwano sorhwebo samazwe amaninzi.

Ngokutsho kwengxelo, i-RCEP sisivumelwano samazwe amaninzi esifikelelwe yiJapan, iChina, iSouth Korea, i-ASEAN kunye namanye amazwe, kwaye malunga ne-90% yeemveliso ziya kufumana unyango lwe-zero-tariff. I-GDP iyonke yamazwe ali-15 kulo mmandla ithatha malunga ne-30% yetotali yehlabathi.

Ukubuyiselwa koshishino lwemveliso yehlabathi "kubambekile" zizinto ezininzi(1)

Phantsi kwempembelelo eqhubekayo ye-Delta mutant strain bhubhane, ukubuyiswa koshishino lwemveliso yehlabathi kuyacotha, kwaye ezinye iindawo ziye zayeka. Lo bhubhani ubusoloko uluphazamisa uqoqosho. "Ubhubhani awunakulawulwa kwaye uqoqosho alunakunyuka" ayisothusi nakancinci. Ukuqina kobhubhane kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye neziseko zokwenziwa kwemveliso kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zemigaqo-nkqubo yenkuthazo kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwamaxabiso okuthutha ehlabathi kuye kwaba yinto "ebambelele kwintamo" yokubuyisela ukuveliswa kwemveliso yehlabathi ngoku. , kwaye isoyikiso ekubuyiselweni kwemveliso yehlabathi liye landa kakhulu.

Ngomhla we-6 Septemba, i-China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing yabika ukuba i-PMI yokuvelisa emhlabeni jikelele ngo-Agasti yayingu-55.7%, ukuncipha kweepesenti ze-0.6 ukusuka kwinyanga edlulileyo, kunye nokwehla kwenyanga-ngenyanga kwiinyanga ezintathu ezilandelelanayo. Yehle yaya kutsho kuma-56 okokuqala ukusukela ngoMatshi ka-2021. %ezilandelayo. Ukususela kumbono wemimandla eyahlukeneyo, i-PMI yokuvelisa yase-Asia kunye neYurophu inqabile ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo ukusuka kwinyanga edlulileyo. I-PMI yokuvelisa yaseMelika yayifana nenyanga edlulileyo, kodwa inqanaba lilonke lalingaphantsi komyinge wekota yesibini. Ngaphambili, idatha ekhutshwe yi-arhente yophando lweemarike i-IHS Markit nayo yabonisa ukuba i-PMI yokuvelisa kumazwe amaninzi ase-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia iqhubekile ibe kwi-contracting range ngo-Agasti, kwaye uqoqosho lwasekhaya lwachatshazelwa kakhulu ngubhubhane, onokuthi ube nempembelelo enkulu ikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi.

Yandisa Ukusebenza kweFanitshala Yakho: ISikhokelo esiBanzi seNyathelo neNyathelo soKwakha iDrowa enezilayidi

Ukwakha idrowa enezilayidi yiprojekthi enomvuzo neyonwabisayo enokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwefenitshala yakho okanye iyunithi yokugcina. Ngokubandakanya izilayidi zedrowa, unokufikelela ngokulula kunye nokugcina izinto ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwedrowa. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siya kuhamba kwinyathelo ngalinye lokudala idrowa enezilayidi, sinikezela ngemiyalelo eneenkcukacha zokukunceda ugqibezele le projekthi ngempumelelo.

Inyathelo 1: Imilinganiselo echanekileyo

Qala ngokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo echongiweyo apho idrowa yakho iza kubekwa khona. Ukulinganisa ubude, ubunzulu, kunye nobubanzi bokuvulwa, kunye nomgama phakathi kwamacala. Le milinganiselo ibalulekile ekumiseleni ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bedrowa yakho. Thatha ixesha lakho ngeli nyathelo, njengoko imilinganiselo echanekileyo iya kuqinisekisa ukuba idrowa yakho ingena ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye isebenza kakuhle.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukugawula iinkuni

Emva kokuba uzimisele imilinganiselo yedrowa yakho, lixesha lokusika iinkuni. Sebenzisa i-1/2-intshi-engqingqwa yebhodi yeplanga ngaphambili, ngasemva, namacala edrowa, ngelixa ibhodi yeplywood eyi-1/4-intshi ilungele ezantsi. Sebenzisa isarha ukusika iibhodi ngokwemilinganiselo ethile efunekayo. Qaphela ukwenza amanxeba acocekileyo nachanekileyo, njengoko oku kuya kuba negalelo kumgangatho jikelele kunye nokubonakala kwedrowa yakho.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukugudisa iinkuni

Emva kokugawula iinkuni, kubalulekile ukugudisa nayiphi na imiphetho erhabaxa kunye nomgangatho. Sebenzisa ibhloko yesanti kunye ne-fine-grit sandpaper kule nkqubo. Qala ngegrit erhabaxa ukususa nabuphi na uburhabaxa okanye ukungafezeki, kwaye emva koko uqhubele phambili kwigrit ecolekileyo ukuze ufikelele kwisiphelo esigudileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba ususa naziphi na iziphako, amabala arhabaxa, okanye iinkuni ezongezelelweyo ezinokuphazamisa ukuguda kwedrowa yakho. Ukuthatha ixesha lokufezekisa umphezulu ogudileyo kuya kuphucula i-aesthetics kunye nokusebenza kwedrowa yakho egqityiweyo.

Inyathelo lesi-4: INdibano yeSakhelo

Hlanganisa umphambili, umva, kunye namacala edrowa ukuze wakhe isakhelo esomeleleyo. Sebenzisa iglu eyenziwe ngomthi kunye ne-clamps ukuncamathelisa amaqhekeza omthi kunye. Faka iglue yokhuni ngokukhululekileyo emacaleni eebhodi uze uzidibanise ngokuqinileyo. Sebenzisa isikwere ukujonga ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kwiikona kwaye ulungelelanise njengoko kuyimfuneko. Emva kokuba iglue yomile, uya kuba nesakhelo esomeleleyo nesizinzileyo sedrowa yakho.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukuhlohla iSilayidi seSilayidi

Emva kokuba isakhelo sigxininiswe kwaye somisiwe, qhubela phambili ukufaka iislayidi zedrowa. Izilayidi zedrawer zibandakanya amacandelo amabini - enye idityaniswe kwisakhelo kwaye enye kwikhabhinethi. Ukufakela izilayidi kwisakhelo, ziphakathi kumacala omabini edrowa kwaye uzijike ngokukhuselekileyo endaweni. Sebenzisa izikrufu ezibonelelweyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ziqinisiwe ngokuqinileyo kodwa zingagqithiswanga, njengoko oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezilayidi. Thatha ixesha lakho ngeli nyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izilayidi zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zincanyathiselwe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Inyathelo lesi-6: Ncamathisela iDrawer emazantsi

Namathisela ibhodi yeplywood kwisakhelo, udala ezantsi kwedrowa yakho. Faka iglue yokhuni emacaleni esakhelo apho umzantsi uya kuqhotyoshelwe. Beka ibhodi yeplywood phezu kwesakhelo, ulungelelanisa imiphetho, kwaye ucinezele ngokuqinileyo ukuze uqinisekise ibhondi ekhuselekileyo. Ukuqinisa isincamathelisi, sebenzisa izikhonkwane ze-brad ukuze ukhusele ngakumbi umzantsi endaweni. Ngaphambi kokubethelela umzantsi, jonga ukulingana kwedrowa kwindawo yokuvula ukuze uqiniseke ukuba isilayidi ngokulula nangokutyibilikayo.

Inyathelo 7: Ufakelo lwedrowa

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukudibanisa inxalenye yesibini yesilayidi se-drawer kwikhabhinethi. Sebenzisa inqanaba ukuqinisekisa ukuba isilayidi silungelelanisiwe kunye nenqanaba kunye nesinye isilayidi. Faka ngokucokisekileyo idrowa eyakhiwe kwindawo yokuvula echongiweyo kwaye uyisilayidi kwindawo yayo. Qaphela ukuba unganyanzeli ukufakwa; idrowa kufuneka ityibilike ngokutyibilikayo nangokulula. Emva kokuba i-drawer isendaweni, vavanya ukuhamba kwayo ngokuvula nokuvala amaxesha amaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukutyibilika okugudileyo.

Inyathelo lesi-8: Vavanya kwaye uhlengahlengise

Vavanya ukusebenza kwedrowa ngokuvula nokuvala ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Vavanya ukuguda kunye nokuzinza kwayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba idrowa isilayidi ngaphandle komthungo kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yenza uhlengahlengiso ngokukhulula kancinane izikrufu kwiislayidi zedrowa kunye nokwenza iintshukumo eziyimfuneko. Thatha ixesha lakho ngeli nyathelo, njengoko ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kunokwenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwedrowa yakho.

Ukuqukumbela, ukwenza idrowa enezilayidi yiprojekthi efikelelekayo neyanelisayo ephakamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwefenitshala yakho. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokwenza idrowa eyomeleleyo nethembekileyo ebonelela ngokutyibilika okugudileyo kwiminyaka ezayo. Nokuba unezakhono eziphezulu zokwenziwa ngamaplanga okanye usaqala, ukwakha idrowa kunika ithuba elihle lokusulungekisa izakhono zakho ngelixa usenza ukongeza okunomtsalane kunye nokusebenzayo kwingqokelela yefenitshala yakho. Yonwabela inkqubo kwaye uzingca ngemveliso egqityiweyo eya kuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobuhle befenitshala yakho.

Imithombo yerhasi yeKhabhinethi idume kakhulu kwiingcango zekhabhathi ngenxa yokukwazi ukubamba ngokukhuselekileyo ucango endaweni kwaye iququzelele ukuvulwa nokuvala okugudileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengawo nawaphi na amacandelo oomatshini, ezi mithombo zinokufuna uhlengahlengiso ngamaxesha athile. Ngethamsanqa, ukulungelelanisa imithombo yegesi yekhabhinethi yinkqubo ethe ngqo enokuthi iphunyezwe ngezixhobo ezimbalwa kunye nokuqonda okusisiseko kwendlela esebenza ngayo.

Inyathelo loku-1: Chonga uhlobo lweNtwasahlobo yeGesi

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nalo naluphi na uhlengahlengiso, kubalulekile ukufumanisa uhlobo lomthombo wegesi ofakwe kucango lwekhabhathi yakho. Zimbini iindidi zemithombo yerhasi: Uxinzelelo kunye nemithombo yegesi yoxinzelelo. Imithombo yegesi ecinezelayo irhoxa kwi-cylinder xa ixinzelelwe, ngelixa imithombo yegesi yoxinzelelo iphumela ngaphandle xa kufakwa uxinzelelo. Unokujonga ngokubonakalayo intwasahlobo ukuchonga uhlobo lwayo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Vavanya iMithombo yeGesi

Emva kokuba uchonge uhlobo lomthombo wegesi, kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo ngokuvula nokuvala umnyango wekhabhinethi amaxesha amaninzi. Nikelani ingqalelo ngokucokisekileyo nakuphi na ukuqina okanye ukuxhathisa ekushukumeni komnyango. Umthombo wegesi osebenza ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka uvumele ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwemiqobo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Bala amandla afunekayo

Emva koko, kuya kufuneka uqikelele amandla afunekayo ukuvula nokuvala umnyango wekhabhinethi. La mandla alinganiswa ngeeNewtons (N). Ukubala ngokuchanekileyo la mandla, ungasebenzisa igeyiji yamandla efana nemitha yamandla edijithali okanye isikali sokuhlambela. Beka igeyiji ezantsi kocango lwekhabhathi kwaye uyityhale ngobunono ivuleke. Ubunzima obubonakalisiweyo buya kubonisa amandla afunekayo ukuvula umnyango. Phinda le nkqubo ukumisela amandla afunekayo ukuvala.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Lungisa iMithombo yeGesi

Ukulungelelanisa imithombo yegesi, uya kufuna intloko encinci ye-Phillips okanye i-screwdriver ye-flathead, kuxhomekeke kwindlela yohlengahlengiso lwe-spring yakho yegesi. Uninzi lwemithombo yegesi inesikrufu sohlengahlengiso esinokujikwa kusetyenziswa i-screwdriver. Ukuba unqwenela ukwandisa amandla afunekayo ukuvula umnyango wekhabhinethi, jika isikrufu sohlengahlengiso ngokwewotshi. Ngokuchasene noko, ukunciphisa amandla afunekayo, jika isikrufu sokulungelelaniswa sichasene newotshi.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Vavanya iMithombo yeGesi Kanye

Emva kokwenza uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko, kubalulekile ukuvavanya imithombo yerhasi kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Vula kwaye uvale ucango lwekhabhinethi amaxesha amaninzi, ubeke ingqalelo ekugudleni komsebenzi kunye nokubamba okukhuselekileyo xa ucango luvuliwe okanye luvaliwe.

Ukulungelelanisa imithombo yegesi yekhabhinethi ngumsebenzi othe ngqo ofuna kuphela izixhobo ezimbalwa kunye nokuqonda okusisiseko kokusebenza kwazo. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokuhlengahlengisa ngokulula imithombo yegesi yekhabhathi yakho kwaye ugcine ukusebenza kwayo kwiminyaka ezayo. Imithombo yegesi ehlengahlengisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo iya kubonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwaye yandise ukhuseleko lweengcango zekhabhathi yakho. Ukuthatha ixesha lokulondoloza rhoqo kwaye ulungelelanise imithombo yakho yegesi kuya kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okungcono kunye nexesha elide leengcango zekhabhinethi yakho.