Indawo ye-Euro yongeza ilungu elitsha, iCroatia ukutshintshela kwi-euro ukusuka kunyaka ozayo

UMongameli weBhanki Enkulu yaseYurophu uChristine Lagarde, uMkomishinala waseYurophu weMicimbi yoQoqosho uGentiloni kunye noMphathiswa wezeMali waseCroatia uMaric kutshanje basayine isivumelwano eBrussels, eBelgium, echaza ukuba iCroatia iya kutshintshela kwi-euro ngoJanuwari 1, 2023, kwaye ilizwe liya kuba lilungu le-20 iEurozone. UMaric uthe olu suku “lixesha elibalulekileyo neliyimbali” eCroatia.

Emva kokuba lilungu le-European Union ngokusemthethweni ngoJulayi 2013, iCroatia yavakalisa ukuzimisela kwayo ukujoyina ummandla we-euro. Kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, iCroatia yenza iinzame ezinkulu zokugcina amaxabiso azinzileyo, amaxabiso otshintshiselwano kunye nenzala yexesha elide, kunye nokulawula ityala likarhulumente lilonke, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho ye-Eurozone. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, iKomishoni yaseYurophu yathi kwi "2022 Convergence Report" ukuba phakathi kwamazwe avavanyiweyo, iCroatia yayikuphela kwelizwe lomviwa eliye ladibana nazo zonke iikhrayitheriya ngaxeshanye, kunye neemeko zelizwe ukuba zamkele i-euro. ivuthiwe.

Abasemagunyeni baseCroatia balungiselele ukunyuka okunokwenzeka kwamaxabiso asekhaya okubangelwa ukwamkelwa kwe-euro. Ngokufunda amava amazwe anjengeMalta, iSlovenia kunye neSlovakia, iBhanki Enkulu yaseCroatia yafumanisa ukuba kwisithuba esingangonyaka emva kokwamkelwa kwe-euro, amaxabiso eemveliso kumazwe ahlukeneyo anyuka nge-0.2 ukuya kwi-0.4 yeepesenti yeepesenti, ikakhulu ngenxa "yokujikeleza " xa utshintshisa ngemali. Ngokutsho kwesivumelwano, imali yelizwe laseCroatia kuna iya kuguqulwa ibe yi-euro ngexabiso lokutshintshiselwa kwe-7.5345: 1. Ukuze kufezekiswe utshintsho olugudileyo phambi kokutshintshwa kwemali, ukususela ngoSeptemba kulo nyaka, iivenkile zaseCroatia ziya kuphawula amaxabiso eemveliso kwi-kuna kunye nee-euro ngexesha elifanayo.

Ngokubanzi, ukujoyina ummandla we-euro kuya kuzisa inzuzo kuqoqosho lwaseCroatia. Abahlalutyi beemarike bakholelwa ukuba ukhenketho lungenye yeentsika zoqoqosho lwaseCroatia, kwaye ukutshintshela kwi-euro kuya kuzisa lula ngakumbi kubakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, iCroatia iya kufumana inqanaba lokutshintshiselana elizinzileyo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu letyala. Njengoko kubonisiwe yi-Croatian Central Bank Governor Vujicic, imingcipheko yemali iya kunyamalala kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye kubatyalo-mali, iCroatia iya kuba yinto ekhangayo kwaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi ngexesha lobunzima bezoqoqosho. UVujicic ukholelwa ekubeni ukujoyina ummandla we-euro kuza kuzisa “iinzuzo eziphathekayo, ezikhawulezileyo nezihlala zihleli” kubemi noosomashishini belizwe.

Ukwandiswa kwendawo ye-euro ngeli xesha kufuna ukubonisa "ubumbano" kunye "nokuqina". Ukuchatshazelwa yimiba efana nengxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine, uqoqosho lwaseYurophu lukwimeko embi kakhulu. Ngexesha elithile, ukuguquguquka kwemarike yamatyala yaseYurophu kuye kwaqina, kwaye izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwi-euro zone liye laqhubeka likhula. Ngomhla we-12 kaJulayi, kwabakho into enqabileyo yokuba i-euro yawela kwinqanaba elifanayo nedola, ebonisa inkxalabo ephezulu yemarike malunga nokungaqiniseki kwembono yoqoqosho lwaseYurophu. USekela-Mongameli oLawulayo weKomishoni yaseYurophu uDombrovskis ukholelwa ukuba ngamaxesha anzima ngolo hlobo, inyathelo leCroatia lokujoyina ummandla we-euro lingqina ukuba iyuro ihleli “iyimali yehlabathi enomtsalane, eyomelelayo nenempumelelo” yaye inamandla elizwe lonke eYurophu nophawu lomanyano.

Ukusukela ekujikelezweni ngokusemthethweni kwe-euro ngo-2002, iye yaba yithenda esemthethweni yamazwe ali-19. IBulgaria inikwe imvume yokufikelela kwiEuropean Exchange Rate Mechanism, okanye igumbi lokulinda leEurozone, ngaxeshanye neCroatia ngoJulayi ka-2020. Nangona kunjalo, iKhomishini yaseYurophu ikholelwa ukuba ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nenkqubo yezomthetho ayihambelani ne-EU, iBulgaria ayizange ihlangabezane ngokupheleleyo neemeko ezifunekayo, kwaye kunokuthatha ixesha lokujoyina ummandla we-euro.