Introduction to the Structure and Function of Door Hinges_Hinge Knowledge

A typical design for an automotive door hinge is depicted in Figure 1. This hinge encompasses various components such as body parts, door parts, pins, washers, and bushings. To ensure high quality, the body parts are crafted from carbon steel billets that undergo a process of hot-rolling, cold-drawing, and heat treatment, resulting in a tensile strength exceeding 500MPa. The door parts are also made of high-quality carbon steel, which undergoes cold-drawing following hot-rolling. The rotating pin is fabricated from medium-carbon steel that undergoes quenching and tempering to achieve adequate surface hardness for enhanced wear resistance, while maintaining sufficient core toughness. The gasket is composed of alloy steel. As for the bushing, it is made of a polymer composite material reinforced with copper mesh.

During the installation of the door hinge, the body parts are attached to the vehicle body using bolts, while the pin shaft passes through the knurling and pin holes of the door parts. The inner hole of the door part is press-fitted and remains relatively static. The matching of the pin shaft and the body part involves both the pin shaft and the bushing, allowing for relative rotation between the door part and the body part. Once the body part is secured, adjustments are made to fix the relative positioning of the car body using the round holes on the body and door parts, utilizing the clearance fit provided by the mounting bolts.

The hinge connects the door to the vehicle body and enables the door to rotate around the axis of the door hinge, allowing for smooth door operation. Typically, each car door is equipped with two door hinges and one limiter, following the general configuration. In addition to the steel-based door hinge described above, there are also alternative designs available. These alternative designs include door parts and body parts that are stamped and formed from sheet metal, as well as a composite design that combines half-section steel and half-stamped components. More advanced options incorporate torsion springs and rollers, providing composite door hinges that offer additional limitations. These types of door hinges have become increasingly prevalent in domestic brand cars in recent years.

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