1 The wide-body light passenger project is a project that is driven by data and fully designed with a forward-thinking approach. Throughout the project, the digital model seamlessly connects the shape and structure, capitalizing on the benefits of accurate digital data, quick modifications, and seamless integration with structural design. It incorporates and interacts with the modeling design and progressively introduces structural feasibility analysis in stages, ultimately achieving the goal of structural feasibility and satisfactory modeling. The final result is directly released in the form of data. It is evident that the inspection of the appearance Checklist at each stage is of utmost importance. This article aims to delve into the details of the rear door hinge open check process.2 Rear door hinge axis arrangementThe hinge axis layout and hinge structure determination are the focal points of the motion analysis of the rear door opening. According to the vehicle definition, the rear door needs to open 270 degrees. Considering the shape requirements, the outer surface of the hinge must align with the CAS surface, and the inclination angle of the hinge axis should not be too large.The steps for analyzing the hinge axis layout are as follows:a. Determine the Z-direction position of the lower hinge (refer to Figure 1). This decision primarily considers the space required for the arrangement of the reinforcement plate of the lower hinge of the rear door. This space needs to account for two factors: the size needed for ensuring strength and the size required for the welding process (mainly the welding tongs channel space) and the final assembly process (assembly space).b. Position the main section of the hinge at the determined Z-direction position of the lower hinge. When positioning the section, the hinge installation process should be initially taken into consideration. Determine the positions of the four links through the main section, and parameterize the lengths of the four links (refer to Figure 2).c. Based on the four determined axes in step 2, establish the four axes with reference to the benchmark car's hinge axis inclination angle. Use the conic intersection method to parameterize the values of the axis inclination and forward inclination (refer to Figure 3). Both the axis inclination and inclination must be independently parameterized for fine-tuning in subsequent steps.d. Determine the position of the upper hinge by referencing the distance between the upper and lower hinges of the benchmark car. The distance between the upper and lower hinges must be parameterized, and the normal planes of the hinge axes are established at the positions of the upper and lower hinges (refer to Figure 4).e. Meticulously arrange the main sections of the upper and lower hinges on the determined normal plane of the upper and lower hinges (refer to Figure 5). During the layout process, the inclination angle of the axis can be adjusted to ensure the outer surface of the upper hinge is flush with the CAS surface. Detailed consideration must also be given to the hinge's installation manufacturability, fit clearance, and structural space of the four-bar linkage mechanism (it is unnecessary to design the hinge structure in detail at this stage).f. Conduct DMU movement analysis using the four determined axes to analyze the movement of the back door and verify the safety distance after opening. The safety distance curve during the opening process is generated through the DMU module of GATIA (refer to Figure 6). This safety distance curve determines whether the minimum safety distance during the rear door opening process meets the defined requirements.g. Perform parametric adjustments by tuning the three sets of parameters: hinge axis inclination angle, forward inclination angle, connecting rod length, and distance between the upper and lower hinges (the parameter adjustments must be within a reasonable range). Analyze the feasibility of the rear door opening process (including safety distance during the opening process and at the limit position). If the rear door cannot open properly even after adjusting the three parameter groups, the CAS surface needs to be modified.The hinge axis layout requires multiple rounds of iterative adjustments and checks to fully meet the requirements. It must be emphasized that the hinge axis is directly related to all subsequent layout processes. Once the axis is adjusted, the subsequent layout must be comprehensively readjusted. Therefore, the axis layout must undergo thorough analysis and precise layout calibration. After finalizing the hinge axis, the detailed hinge structure design phase begins.3 Rear door hinge design optionsThe rear door hinge employs a four-bar linkage mechanism. Due to the significant adjustments in shape compared to the benchmark car, the hinge structure requires relatively large modifications. It is challenging to implement the recessed structure design when considering several factors. Therefore, three design options for the hinge structure are proposed.3.1 Option 1Design idea: Ensure that the upper and lower hinges align as closely as possible with the CAS surface and that the hinge side matches the part line. Hinge axis: Inward tilt of 1.55 degrees and forward tilt of 1.1 degrees (refer to Figure 7).Appearance disadvantages: To ensure a safe distance between the door and the side wall during the door opening process, there is a significant difference between the hinge's matching position and the door's position when closed. Appearance advantages: The outer surface of the upper and lower hinges is flush with the CAS surface.Structural risks:a. The inward tilt of the hinge axis (24 degrees inward and 9 degrees forward) is significantly adjusted compared to the benchmark car, and it may affect the effectiveness of automatic door closure.b. To ensure a safe distance between the fully open rear door and the side wall, the inner and outer connecting rods of the hinge need to be 20nm longer than the benchmark car, which may cause the door to sag due to insufficient hinge strength.c. The side wall of the upper hinge is divided into blocks, making welding difficult and posing a risk of water leakage in the later stages.d. Poor hinge installation process.3.2 Option 2Design idea: Both the upper and lower hinges protrude outwards to ensure no gap between the hinges and the rear door in the X direction. Hinge axis: 20 degrees inward and 1.5 degrees forward (refer to Figure 8).Appearance disadvantages: The upper and lower hinges protrude more outwardly.Appearance advantages: No fit gap between the hinge and the door in the X direction.Structural risk: To ensure commonality between the upper and lower hinges, the size of the lower hinge is slightly adjusted compared to the benchmark car sample, but the risk is minimal.Structural advantages:a. All four hinges are common, resulting in cost savings.b. Good door linkage assembly process.3.3 Option 3Design idea: Match the outer surface of the upper and lower hinges with the CAS surface and match the door linkage with the door. Hinge axis: 1.0 degrees inward and 1.3 degrees forward (refer to Figure 9).Appearance advantages: The outer surface of the hinge fits better with the outer surface of the CAS surface.Appearance disadvantages: There is a significant gap between the hinged door linkage and the outer linkage.Structural risks:a. The hinge structure undergoes significant adjustments, posing a greater risk.b. Poor hinge installation process.3.4 Comparative analysis and confirmation of optionsThe three hinge structure design options and a comparative analysis with the benchmark vehicles are summarized in Table 1. After discussions with the modeling engineer and considering structural and modeling factors, it is confirmed that the "third option" is the optimal solution.4 SummaryThe design of the hinge structure necessitates the comprehensive consideration of factors such as structure and shape, often making it challenging to optimize all aspects. As the project predominantly adopts a forward design approach, during the CAS design stage, meeting structural requirements while maximizing the appearance modeling effect is of utmost importance. The third option strives to minimize changes to the outer surface, ensuring modeling consistency. Therefore, the modeling designer leans towards this option. 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A typical design for an automotive door hinge is depicted in Figure 1. This hinge encompasses various components such as body parts, door parts, pins, washers, and bushings. To ensure high quality, the body parts are crafted from carbon steel billets that undergo a process of hot-rolling, cold-drawing, and heat treatment, resulting in a tensile strength exceeding 500MPa. The door parts are also made of high-quality carbon steel, which undergoes cold-drawing following hot-rolling. The rotating pin is fabricated from medium-carbon steel that undergoes quenching and tempering to achieve adequate surface hardness for enhanced wear resistance, while maintaining sufficient core toughness. The gasket is composed of alloy steel. As for the bushing, it is made of a polymer composite material reinforced with copper mesh.During the installation of the door hinge, the body parts are attached to the vehicle body using bolts, while the pin shaft passes through the knurling and pin holes of the door parts. The inner hole of the door part is press-fitted and remains relatively static. The matching of the pin shaft and the body part involves both the pin shaft and the bushing, allowing for relative rotation between the door part and the body part. Once the body part is secured, adjustments are made to fix the relative positioning of the car body using the round holes on the body and door parts, utilizing the clearance fit provided by the mounting bolts.The hinge connects the door to the vehicle body and enables the door to rotate around the axis of the door hinge, allowing for smooth door operation. Typically, each car door is equipped with two door hinges and one limiter, following the general configuration. In addition to the steel-based door hinge described above, there are also alternative designs available. These alternative designs include door parts and body parts that are stamped and formed from sheet metal, as well as a composite design that combines half-section steel and half-stamped components. More advanced options incorporate torsion springs and rollers, providing composite door hinges that offer additional limitations. These types of door hinges have become increasingly prevalent in domestic brand cars in recent years.By rewriting the article, we have ensured consistency with the original theme while maintaining the word count of the existing article.

Which Hinge Should You Use for an Upward-Opening Door?When discussing upward-opening doors, it is important to specify whether you are referring to furniture doors, cabinet doors, or standard household doors. In the context of doors and windows, upward opening is not the common method of operation. However, there are top-hung windows in aluminum alloy doors and windows that open upwards. These types of windows are often found in office buildings.Top-hung windows do not use hinges but instead utilize sliding braces (available for download on Baidu) and wind braces to achieve the upward-opening and positioning effect. If you have further inquiries regarding door and window hardware, feel free to message me privately, as I specialize in the research and development of door and window hardware technology.Now, let's discuss how to choose the appropriate hinges for your doors and windows. 1. Material: Hinges are generally made from stainless steel, pure copper, or iron. For home installations, it is recommended to choose 304 stainless steel due to its practicality and cost-effectiveness compared to pure copper, which is more expensive, and iron, which is prone to rust.2. Color: Electroplating technology is commonly used to provide a variety of color options for stainless steel hinges. Choose a color that matches the style of your doors and windows.3. Types of Hinges: There are two main types of door hinges available on the market: side hinges and mother-to-child hinges. Side hinges, or standard hinges, are more practical and hassle-free as they require manual slotting during installation. Mother-to-child hinges are more suitable for lighter PVC or hollow doors.Next, let's discuss the number of hinges needed for proper installation:1. Interior Door Width and Height: In general, for a door with dimensions of 200x80cm, it is recommended to install two hinges. These hinges are usually four inches in size.2. Hinge Length and Thickness: High-quality hinges with a length of approximately 100mm and an unfolded width of 75mm are commonly available. For thickness, either 3mm or 3.5mm should suffice.3. Consider the Door Material: Hollow doors typically only require two hinges, whereas solid wood composite or solid log doors may benefit from three hinges.Furthermore, there are invisible door hinges, also known as concealed hinges, which offer a 90-degree opening angle without affecting the door's appearance. These are ideal if you value aesthetics. Meanwhile, swing door hinges, also called Ming hinges, are exposed on the outside and offer a 180-degree opening angle. These are essentially common hinges.Now, let's move on to discussing the types of hinges used for anti-theft doors and their installation precautions:With an increasing focus on safety, more households are using anti-theft doors that offer enhanced security. The hinges used in these doors play a crucial role, so we will cover the main hinge types and installation precautions.1. Types of Anti-Theft Door Hinges: a. Ordinary hinges: These are commonly used for doors and windows. They are available in various materials, including iron, copper, and stainless steel. Note that they do not have the function of a spring hinge and may require additional touch beads for door panel stability. b. Pipe hinges: Also known as spring hinges, these are used to connect furniture door panels. They typically require a plate thickness of 16-20mm and are available in galvanized iron or zinc alloy materials. Spring hinges come equipped with an adjusting screw, allowing for height and thickness adjustment of the panels. The angle of door opening can vary from 90 degrees to 127 degrees or 144 degrees. c. Door hinges: These are categorized into ordinary type and bearing type. Bearing hinges are available in copper and stainless steel, with stainless steel being the more commonly used material. d. Other hinges: This category includes glass hinges, countertop hinges, and flap hinges. Glass hinges are designed for frameless glass doors with a thickness of 5-6mm.2. Installation Precautions for Anti-Theft Door Hinges: a. Ensure that the hinges match the door and window frames and leaves before installation. b. Check if the hinge groove aligns with the height, width, and thickness of the hinge. c. Verify that the hinge is compatible with other connecting screws and fasteners. d. Install hinges in such a way that the hinge shafts of the same door leaf are aligned vertically.These are the types of hinges commonly used for anti-theft doors, along with some installation precautions. For more detailed information, please visit our official website. Pay attention to these small details during the installation process for optimal results.By providing the most attentive service, we strive to offer top-of-the-line products. AOSITE Hardware is highly regarded and accredited for meeting various certifications locally and internationally.

Installing corner conjoined doors requires accurate measurements, proper hinge placement, and careful adjustments. This comprehensive guide provides detailed instructions on each step of the installation process. By following these guidelines, you can ensure a smooth and hassle-free installation for your corner cabinet doors.Step 1: Prepare Materials and ToolsTo begin, gather all necessary materials and tools needed for the installation process. You will require a suitable number of corner hinges, screws, screwdrivers, hole openers, and other essential tools. The quantity of hinges should be determined based on the weight and size of the door. For heavier and larger doors, it is recommended to install 3-4 or more hinges. Before proceeding, inspect the hinges for any damages and ensure they come with necessary certifications.Step 2: Install Hinges on Cabinet DoorUsing a ruler, measure the door panel and mark the appropriate installation position for the hinges. For example, if the cabinet door has a hinge positioned 20 cm from the top, mark this spot accordingly. Next, determine the distance between the hinge cup hole and the side of the door based on the door panel's thickness (generally, 3-7 mm). Using a woodworking hole opener, create the cup hole. Finally, insert the hinge into the cup hole and secure it in place with screws.Step 3: Hinge Seat Installation and AdjustmentPlace the hinged door panel horizontally on the cabinet body, ensuring it aligns perfectly with the side panel of the cabinet. The hinge seat will naturally extend to the cabinet body. Secure the hinge by tightening the fixing screws. After installing the door panel through the hinge, check for any excessive gaps in the cabinet doors. If necessary, adjust the height of the door panel by loosening the corresponding adjustment screw on the hinge base.Understanding Corner Cabinet Door HingesCorner cabinet door hinges, such as the 135, 155, and 165-degree hinges, offer larger opening angles to suit the unique requirements of corner cabinet doors. Typically, these hinges are used in, especially for corner cabinets with two doors. Additionally, standard hinges have an opening angle of 105 degrees, while some variations may feature a 95-degree opening angle.Choosing Suitable Hinges for Corner Cabinet DoorsTo ensure optimal performance and longevity, consider using Jusen's T30, T45, T135W155, or T135W165 hinges, depending on your desired angle requirements. Jusen hinges are known for their quality and reliability, making them a popular choice in the market.Proper installation of corner conjoined doors is crucial for achieving functionality and aesthetics. By following the step-by-step guide provided in this article, you can effortlessly install corner cabinet doors with precision and ensure their smooth operation. Remember to choose hinges that are suitable for corner applications and meet your specific needs. With the right tools, materials, and careful adjustments, your corner cabinet doors will enhance the overall appeal of your space.